How to Cite
NP, N. (1). Optimum Frequency—Its Relevance and Measurements. Journal of All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, 15(1), 91-102. Retrieved from http://203.129.241.91/jaiish/index.php/aiish/article/view/946
Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of 'optimum pitch ' in the diagnosis and therapy with the voice disorders. The merits and the demerits of methods of measuring optimum pitch and the development of an objective method of locating optimum pitch have also been discussed. Experimental findings supporting that there is maximum physioacoustic economy at the optimum pitch as located by an objective method of locating optimum pitch have been presented. An attempt has also been made to indicate the possible classification of voice disorders based on the optimum pitch
References
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Berry, M- and Eisenson, J., Speech Disorders, Appleton-Centry Crofts, New York, 1952.
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Cown, M-, Pitch and Intensity Characteristics of Stage Speech, Arch. Speech, Suppl. 1, 1936.
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Johnson, W., Darley, F. L. and Spries.ters.hach. D. C. Diagnostic Methods, in Speech
Pathology, Harper and Row Pub., new York. 1967.
Judson, L. and Weaver, A., Voice Science. Vision, London, 1966.
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Murphy, A.I. , Functional Voice Disorders. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliff., N.J., 1964.
Nataraja, N. P., "A n objective method of locating optimum pitch," Master's dissertation,
Univ. of Mysore, 1972.
Nataraja, N. P. and Veena N. R., Vocal cord paralysis and its therapy. Hearing Aid Journal, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1982.
Nataraja, N. P. and Jayaram, M.. A. new classification of voice disorders. J.A.I.I.S.H.,
Vol. 12, 1982.
Nataraja, N. P. and Jagadeesh A., '"Vowel duration and fundamental frequency," Unpublished Paper, 1984.
Nataraja, N. P., " Optimum frequency and Phonation Duration," Unpublished Paper, 1984.
Perkins, W., Speech Pathology : An Applied Behaviorvl Science, C. V. Mosby, St. Louis,
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Pronovost, W., An experimental study of methods of determining natural and habitual pitch, Speech Mongr., 9, 1942.
Samuel, G., "A study of fundamental frequency of voice and natural frequency of vocal tract on an Indian population of different age ranges," Master's dissertation, Univ. of Mysore, 1973.
Shantha, Y. S., "Establishing and validating isochronal tone stimulation technique," Master's dissertation, Univ. of Mysore 1973.
Shashikala, H. R., "Physio-acoustic economy at optimum frequency," Master's dissertation, Univ. of Mysore, 1979.
Sheela, E. V., " A comparative study of vocal parameters of trained and untrained singers," Master's degree dissertation, Univ. of Mysore, 1974.
Shipp, Thomas, EMG of phoryngoesophageal musculature during laryngeal voice produc-
tion, J. Speech Hearing Res., 13(1), 184 192, 1970.
Strother, C. R., Voice Improvement, Foundations of Speech, Ed. by J. O'Ncil, Prentice Hall, New York, 1946.
Thurman, W. L., Frequency, Intensity relationship and optimum pitch, J.S.H.R., Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 177-129, 1958.
Travis (Lee Edward), Ed., Handbook of Speech Pathology and Audiology. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall, 1971.
Vanden Berg, J. W., Direct and indirect determination of the mean subglottic pressure,
Foliaphoniat, 8, 1 -24, 1956.
Van Riper, Charles, Speech Coorrection : Principle and Methods, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall, 1959.
Van Riper, C. and Irwin, J. V., Voice and Articulation, Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey, 1958.
Wentworth, E. T., "Survey of methods of improvement of pitch usage in speech as presented in twenty-five current speech texts,'" M. A. thesis, State Univ. of Iowa, 1940.
West, R., Ansberry, M. and Carr, A., The Rehabilitation of Speech, III Edn., Harper and Row, New York, 1957.
Asthana, P., Relationship between Vocal Intensity, Pitch and Nasality in cleft palate speakers," Master's dissertation, Univ. of Mysore, 1977.
Berry, M- and Eisenson, J., Speech Disorders, Appleton-Centry Crofts, New York, 1952.
Brownstein and Jacoby, Your Voice and You. Random House Inc., New York, 1967.
Cown, M-, Pitch and Intensity Characteristics of Stage Speech, Arch. Speech, Suppl. 1, 1936.
Darley, F. L. and Spriesterbach, D. C, Diagnostic Methods in Speech Pathology, 2nd ed.,
Harper and Row Publishers, New York,1974.
Fairbanks, G., Voice and Articulation Drill Book, Harper and Row, New York, 1966.
Fisher, H. B., Improving Voice and Articulation, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, New York, 1966.
Fletcher, H., Speech and Hearing Communication, D Van Nostrand Co. Inc., Holland, 1959.
Geetha, P., "Relation between fundamental frequency and resonant frequencies of vocal tract, " M.Sc. dissertation, Univ. of Mysore, 1974.
Gopal, H. S., "Relationship for locating optimum frequency in the age range of 7 to
25 years," Master's dissertation, Univ. of Mysore, 1980.
Gray, G. and Wise, C, Bases of Speech, Harper and Row, New York, 1964. Greene, M. C. L., The Voice and its Disorders, Pitman, London, 1964.
House, A. S., A note on optimal pitch, J.S II.R. No. 1, 1959.
Jayaram, K., "A n attempt at Differential Diagnosis of Dysphonia," Master's dissertation, Univ. of Mysore, 1975.
Johnson, W., Darley, F. L. and Spries.ters.hach. D. C. Diagnostic Methods, in Speech
Pathology, Harper and Row Pub., new York. 1967.
Judson, L. and Weaver, A., Voice Science. Vision, London, 1966.
Linke, C. S., " A study of pitch characteristics m female voices and their relationship to vocal effectiveness," Ph.D. Thesis, Univ.. of Iowa, 1953.
Murphy, A.I. , Functional Voice Disorders. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliff., N.J., 1964.
Nataraja, N. P., "A n objective method of locating optimum pitch," Master's dissertation,
Univ. of Mysore, 1972.
Nataraja, N. P. and Veena N. R., Vocal cord paralysis and its therapy. Hearing Aid Journal, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1982.
Nataraja, N. P. and Jayaram, M.. A. new classification of voice disorders. J.A.I.I.S.H.,
Vol. 12, 1982.
Nataraja, N. P. and Jagadeesh A., '"Vowel duration and fundamental frequency," Unpublished Paper, 1984.
Nataraja, N. P., " Optimum frequency and Phonation Duration," Unpublished Paper, 1984.
Perkins, W., Speech Pathology : An Applied Behaviorvl Science, C. V. Mosby, St. Louis,
1971.
Pronovost, W., An experimental study of methods of determining natural and habitual pitch, Speech Mongr., 9, 1942.
Samuel, G., "A study of fundamental frequency of voice and natural frequency of vocal tract on an Indian population of different age ranges," Master's dissertation, Univ. of Mysore, 1973.
Shantha, Y. S., "Establishing and validating isochronal tone stimulation technique," Master's dissertation, Univ. of Mysore 1973.
Shashikala, H. R., "Physio-acoustic economy at optimum frequency," Master's dissertation, Univ. of Mysore, 1979.
Sheela, E. V., " A comparative study of vocal parameters of trained and untrained singers," Master's degree dissertation, Univ. of Mysore, 1974.
Shipp, Thomas, EMG of phoryngoesophageal musculature during laryngeal voice produc-
tion, J. Speech Hearing Res., 13(1), 184 192, 1970.
Strother, C. R., Voice Improvement, Foundations of Speech, Ed. by J. O'Ncil, Prentice Hall, New York, 1946.
Thurman, W. L., Frequency, Intensity relationship and optimum pitch, J.S.H.R., Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 177-129, 1958.
Travis (Lee Edward), Ed., Handbook of Speech Pathology and Audiology. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall, 1971.
Vanden Berg, J. W., Direct and indirect determination of the mean subglottic pressure,
Foliaphoniat, 8, 1 -24, 1956.
Van Riper, Charles, Speech Coorrection : Principle and Methods, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall, 1959.
Van Riper, C. and Irwin, J. V., Voice and Articulation, Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey, 1958.
Wentworth, E. T., "Survey of methods of improvement of pitch usage in speech as presented in twenty-five current speech texts,'" M. A. thesis, State Univ. of Iowa, 1940.
West, R., Ansberry, M. and Carr, A., The Rehabilitation of Speech, III Edn., Harper and Row, New York, 1957.