Vol 16 & 17 No 1 (1985 & 1986)
Article
Incidence and prevalence of communicative disorders in a midsouthern public school system in U.S.A.
How to Cite
James Monroe Stewart. (1). Incidence and prevalence of communicative disorders in a midsouthern public school system in U.S.A. Journal of All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, 16 & 17(1), 1-18. Retrieved from http://203.129.241.91/jaiish/index.php/aiish/article/view/901
Abstract
This study evaluated incidence and its demography in the Nashville public schools in grades K through 12 for the academic years 1978-79 through 1981-82. The Board of Education supplied the data on all children identified with communicative disorders, which included the served, underserved, and unserved. The results indicated an average enrollment decline of 3.24% and an average prevalence of 2.95% for primary communicative disorders in the school population. Incidence figures declined from 8.09 to 1.19%, and revealed a higher number of blacks and others than whites. The results also differentiated the gross and net incidences.
References
Barr, B-, Anderson, H., & Wedenberg, E. Epidemiology of hearing loss in childhood.
Audiology 1973, 12, 426-437.
Bensberg, G. J., & Sigelman, C. K. Definition and prevalence. In L. L. Lloyd
(Ed.), Communication assessment and intervention strategies. Baltimore : University
Park Press, 1976.
Boehm, A. E. The Boehm test of basic concepts. New York : Psychological Corporation,
1971.
Bureau of the Census. Source survey of income and education. Washington, D. C. :
Population Division, U. S. Commerce Department, 1976.
Carrow, E. Test for auditory comprehension of language. Austin (TX) : Learning
Concepts, 1973.
Carrow, E. Carrow elicited language inventory. Austin (TX) : Learning Concepts,
1974.
DesRoches, C. P. Speech therapy services in a large school system : A six-year
overview. Language, Speech, Hearing Services Schools, A 1976, 7, 107-219.
Dunn, L. Peabody picture vocabulary test. Circle Pines (MN) : American Guidance
Service, 1965.
Fein, D. J. The prevalence of speech and language impairments. Asha, 1983,.
25 (2), 37. (a)
Fein, D. J. Population data from the U. S. Census Bureau. Asha. 1983, 25 (3)
47. (b)
Friedman, G. D. Primer of epidemiology (2nd ed.J. New York : McGraw-Hill
Book Co., 1980.
General Account Office. Unanswered questions on educating handicapped children
in local public schools, (HRD-81-43). Gaithersburg (MD) : Document Handling
& Information Services Facility, 1981. (a)
INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF COMMUNICATIVE DISORDERS 15
General Accounting Office. Disparities still exist in who gets special education
{JPE-81-1). Gaithersburg (MD) : Document Handling & Information Services
Facility, 1981. (b)
Gillespie, S. K., & Cooper, E. B. Prevalence of speech problems in junior and
senior high schools. J. Speech Hearing Research, 1973, 16, 739-743.
Goldman, R., & Fristoe, M. Goldman-Fistoe test of articulation. Circle Pines (MN):
American Guidance Service, 1969.
Healey, W. C, Ackerman, B. L., Chappell, C. R., Perrin, K. L., & Stormer, J.
The prevalence of communicative disorders: A review of the literature. Rockville
(MD) : American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 1981.
. Helmick, J. W. Effects of therapy on articulation skills in elementary school
children. Language, Sp>ech, Hearing Services Schools, 1976, 7, 169-172.
Hogan, D. D. Errors in computation of incidence of hearing loss in studies of
large populations. Mental Retardation, 1973, 11, 15-17.
Keane, V. E. The incidence of speech and language problems in the mentally
retarded. Mental Retardation, 1972, 10, 3-8.
Kirk, S., McCarthy, J., & Kirk, W. Illinois test of psycholinguistic abilities
Urbana (IL) : University of Illinois Press, 1968.
Leske, M. C. Prevalence estimates of communicative disorders in the U. S. :
Speech disorders. Asha, 1981, 23(3), 217-225. (a)
Leske, M. C. prevalence estimates of communicative disorders in the U. S. :
Language, hearing and vestibular disorders. Asha, 1981, 23 (3), 229-236. (b)
Lillienfeld, A. M. Foundations of epidemiology. New York : Oxford University
Press, 1976.
Lipscomb, D. M. The increase in prevalence of high frequency hearing impairment
among college students. Audiology, 1972, 11, 231-237.
Marozas, D. S. May, D. C, & Lehman, L. C. Incidence and prevalence : confusion
in need of clarification. Mental Retardation, 1980, 18, 229-230.
Matthews, J. Communication disorders in the mentally retarded. In L. E. Travis
(Ed.), Handbook of Speech Pathology and Audiology. New York: Appleton-
Century-Crofts, 1971.
McConnell, F., & Liff, S. The rationale for early identification and intervention.
Otolaryngologic Clincs North America, 1975, 8, 77-87.
McDermott, L. D. The effect of duplicated and unduplicatcd child count on
prevalence of speech-impaired children. Language, Speech, Hearing Services
Schools, 1981, 12, 115-119.
16 JOURNAL OF A.I.I.S.H. VOL. XVI & XVII 1985-86
Milisen, R. The incidence of speech disorders. In L. E. Travis (Ed.), Handbook
of Speech Pathology and Audiology. New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts,
1971.
Mitchell, B. J. Communication disorders as related handicaps among handicapped
school-age children: A second took. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Nashville :
Tennessee State University, 1983.
Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services. " To assure the free
appropriate public education of all handicapped children " Public Law 94-142,
Section 618 (Second annual report to Congress on the Implementation of Public
Law 94-142 : The Education for All Handicapped Children Act.) Washington,
D. C. : U. S. Department of Education, 1980.
Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services. Report of handicapped
children receiving special education and related services as reported by state
agencies under public law 94-142 and public law 89-313. Washington, D. C. :
Special Education Programs, U. S. Department of Education, 1981, 1982.
Omer, J. L. The incidence of hearing impairment in students identified as learning
disabled. Language, Speech, Hearing Services Schools, 1972, 3, 34-40.
Paul, J. R. Clinical epidemiology (rev. ed.) Chicago : The University of Chicago
Press, 1966.
Publication Committee. Basics and metro public schools. Nashville (TN) : Metropolitan
Board of Education, February 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983.
Pupil Accounting & Transfers. Metropolitan Nashville public schools integration
report. Nashville (TN) : Division of Public Personnel, March 1979, 1980,
1981, 1982, 1983.
Rudolph, D. J. The prevalence of communicative disorders as related handicaps:
among school-age handicapped children. Unpublished Master's Thesis
Nashville : Tennessee State University, 1982.
Sax, M. R. A longitudinal study of articulation change. Language, Speech,
Hearing Services Schools: 1972, 3, 43-48.
Silverman, E. M., & Zimmer, C. H. Incidence of chronic hoarseness among schoolage
children. J. Speech & Hearing Disorders, 1975, 40, 211-215.
Spells, V. R., & Stewart, J. M. Learning disabilities with communicative disorders,,
as related handicaps. J. Tennessee Speech-Language, Hearing Association,
1982, 26, 48-55.
State of Tennessee. Annual statistical report of the department of education for
the scholastic year end June 30,.... Nashville (TN) : State of Tennessee
Department of Education, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1981 (a), 1983.
INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF COMMUNICATIVE DISORDERS 17
State of Tennessee. Rules, regulations, and minimum standards for the governance
of public schools in the state of Tennessee. Nashville (TN) : State Board of
Education—State Board for Vocational Education, 1982. (b)
Stewart, J. M. Multidimensional scaling analysis of communicative disorders by
race and sex in a mid-south public school system.J. Communication Disorders,
1981, 14, 467-483.
Stewart, J. M., & Spells, V. R. Current trends of Communicative disorders in a
public school system. Australian J. Human Communication Disorders, 1982,
10, 33-57.
Stewart, J. M., & Spells, V. R. Learning disabilities with communicative disorders
as related handicaps : A two year study. J. Communication Disorders, 1983,
16, 345-355.
Stuart, J. E., Lewis, A. N., & Barry, M. Hearing and ear disease in primary
School children on three Queenland aboriginal settlements. Australian
Pediatric J , 1973, 9, 164-171.
Templin, M. C, & Darley, F. L. The Templin-Darley tests of articulation, 2nd Ed,
Iowa City : Bureau of Educational Research & Service, 1969.
Tennessee State Board of Education. Rules, regulations, and minimum standards
1979-80. Nashville (TN) : Tennessee State Board of Education—State Board
of Vocational Education, 1979.
Voelker, C. H. Incidence of pathologic speech behavior in the American general
population. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1943, 38, 113-121.
Warr-Leeper, G. A., McShea, R. S , & Leeper, H. A. Incidence of voice and
speech deviations in a middle school population. Language, Speech, Hearing
Services Schools, 1979, 10, 14-20.
Weber, H. J., McGovern, F. J., & Zink, D. An evaluation of 1,000 children with
hearing loss. J. Speech-Hearing Disorders, 1967, 32, 343-354.
Wilson, M. R., & Stewart, J. M. A quantitative analysis of special needs with
emphasis on speech and hearing in the Boston public schools. J. Communica,
tion Disorders, 1983, 16, 1-18.
Audiology 1973, 12, 426-437.
Bensberg, G. J., & Sigelman, C. K. Definition and prevalence. In L. L. Lloyd
(Ed.), Communication assessment and intervention strategies. Baltimore : University
Park Press, 1976.
Boehm, A. E. The Boehm test of basic concepts. New York : Psychological Corporation,
1971.
Bureau of the Census. Source survey of income and education. Washington, D. C. :
Population Division, U. S. Commerce Department, 1976.
Carrow, E. Test for auditory comprehension of language. Austin (TX) : Learning
Concepts, 1973.
Carrow, E. Carrow elicited language inventory. Austin (TX) : Learning Concepts,
1974.
DesRoches, C. P. Speech therapy services in a large school system : A six-year
overview. Language, Speech, Hearing Services Schools, A 1976, 7, 107-219.
Dunn, L. Peabody picture vocabulary test. Circle Pines (MN) : American Guidance
Service, 1965.
Fein, D. J. The prevalence of speech and language impairments. Asha, 1983,.
25 (2), 37. (a)
Fein, D. J. Population data from the U. S. Census Bureau. Asha. 1983, 25 (3)
47. (b)
Friedman, G. D. Primer of epidemiology (2nd ed.J. New York : McGraw-Hill
Book Co., 1980.
General Account Office. Unanswered questions on educating handicapped children
in local public schools, (HRD-81-43). Gaithersburg (MD) : Document Handling
& Information Services Facility, 1981. (a)
INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF COMMUNICATIVE DISORDERS 15
General Accounting Office. Disparities still exist in who gets special education
{JPE-81-1). Gaithersburg (MD) : Document Handling & Information Services
Facility, 1981. (b)
Gillespie, S. K., & Cooper, E. B. Prevalence of speech problems in junior and
senior high schools. J. Speech Hearing Research, 1973, 16, 739-743.
Goldman, R., & Fristoe, M. Goldman-Fistoe test of articulation. Circle Pines (MN):
American Guidance Service, 1969.
Healey, W. C, Ackerman, B. L., Chappell, C. R., Perrin, K. L., & Stormer, J.
The prevalence of communicative disorders: A review of the literature. Rockville
(MD) : American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 1981.
. Helmick, J. W. Effects of therapy on articulation skills in elementary school
children. Language, Sp>ech, Hearing Services Schools, 1976, 7, 169-172.
Hogan, D. D. Errors in computation of incidence of hearing loss in studies of
large populations. Mental Retardation, 1973, 11, 15-17.
Keane, V. E. The incidence of speech and language problems in the mentally
retarded. Mental Retardation, 1972, 10, 3-8.
Kirk, S., McCarthy, J., & Kirk, W. Illinois test of psycholinguistic abilities
Urbana (IL) : University of Illinois Press, 1968.
Leske, M. C. Prevalence estimates of communicative disorders in the U. S. :
Speech disorders. Asha, 1981, 23(3), 217-225. (a)
Leske, M. C. prevalence estimates of communicative disorders in the U. S. :
Language, hearing and vestibular disorders. Asha, 1981, 23 (3), 229-236. (b)
Lillienfeld, A. M. Foundations of epidemiology. New York : Oxford University
Press, 1976.
Lipscomb, D. M. The increase in prevalence of high frequency hearing impairment
among college students. Audiology, 1972, 11, 231-237.
Marozas, D. S. May, D. C, & Lehman, L. C. Incidence and prevalence : confusion
in need of clarification. Mental Retardation, 1980, 18, 229-230.
Matthews, J. Communication disorders in the mentally retarded. In L. E. Travis
(Ed.), Handbook of Speech Pathology and Audiology. New York: Appleton-
Century-Crofts, 1971.
McConnell, F., & Liff, S. The rationale for early identification and intervention.
Otolaryngologic Clincs North America, 1975, 8, 77-87.
McDermott, L. D. The effect of duplicated and unduplicatcd child count on
prevalence of speech-impaired children. Language, Speech, Hearing Services
Schools, 1981, 12, 115-119.
16 JOURNAL OF A.I.I.S.H. VOL. XVI & XVII 1985-86
Milisen, R. The incidence of speech disorders. In L. E. Travis (Ed.), Handbook
of Speech Pathology and Audiology. New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts,
1971.
Mitchell, B. J. Communication disorders as related handicaps among handicapped
school-age children: A second took. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Nashville :
Tennessee State University, 1983.
Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services. " To assure the free
appropriate public education of all handicapped children " Public Law 94-142,
Section 618 (Second annual report to Congress on the Implementation of Public
Law 94-142 : The Education for All Handicapped Children Act.) Washington,
D. C. : U. S. Department of Education, 1980.
Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services. Report of handicapped
children receiving special education and related services as reported by state
agencies under public law 94-142 and public law 89-313. Washington, D. C. :
Special Education Programs, U. S. Department of Education, 1981, 1982.
Omer, J. L. The incidence of hearing impairment in students identified as learning
disabled. Language, Speech, Hearing Services Schools, 1972, 3, 34-40.
Paul, J. R. Clinical epidemiology (rev. ed.) Chicago : The University of Chicago
Press, 1966.
Publication Committee. Basics and metro public schools. Nashville (TN) : Metropolitan
Board of Education, February 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983.
Pupil Accounting & Transfers. Metropolitan Nashville public schools integration
report. Nashville (TN) : Division of Public Personnel, March 1979, 1980,
1981, 1982, 1983.
Rudolph, D. J. The prevalence of communicative disorders as related handicaps:
among school-age handicapped children. Unpublished Master's Thesis
Nashville : Tennessee State University, 1982.
Sax, M. R. A longitudinal study of articulation change. Language, Speech,
Hearing Services Schools: 1972, 3, 43-48.
Silverman, E. M., & Zimmer, C. H. Incidence of chronic hoarseness among schoolage
children. J. Speech & Hearing Disorders, 1975, 40, 211-215.
Spells, V. R., & Stewart, J. M. Learning disabilities with communicative disorders,,
as related handicaps. J. Tennessee Speech-Language, Hearing Association,
1982, 26, 48-55.
State of Tennessee. Annual statistical report of the department of education for
the scholastic year end June 30,.... Nashville (TN) : State of Tennessee
Department of Education, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1981 (a), 1983.
INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF COMMUNICATIVE DISORDERS 17
State of Tennessee. Rules, regulations, and minimum standards for the governance
of public schools in the state of Tennessee. Nashville (TN) : State Board of
Education—State Board for Vocational Education, 1982. (b)
Stewart, J. M. Multidimensional scaling analysis of communicative disorders by
race and sex in a mid-south public school system.J. Communication Disorders,
1981, 14, 467-483.
Stewart, J. M., & Spells, V. R. Current trends of Communicative disorders in a
public school system. Australian J. Human Communication Disorders, 1982,
10, 33-57.
Stewart, J. M., & Spells, V. R. Learning disabilities with communicative disorders
as related handicaps : A two year study. J. Communication Disorders, 1983,
16, 345-355.
Stuart, J. E., Lewis, A. N., & Barry, M. Hearing and ear disease in primary
School children on three Queenland aboriginal settlements. Australian
Pediatric J , 1973, 9, 164-171.
Templin, M. C, & Darley, F. L. The Templin-Darley tests of articulation, 2nd Ed,
Iowa City : Bureau of Educational Research & Service, 1969.
Tennessee State Board of Education. Rules, regulations, and minimum standards
1979-80. Nashville (TN) : Tennessee State Board of Education—State Board
of Vocational Education, 1979.
Voelker, C. H. Incidence of pathologic speech behavior in the American general
population. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1943, 38, 113-121.
Warr-Leeper, G. A., McShea, R. S , & Leeper, H. A. Incidence of voice and
speech deviations in a middle school population. Language, Speech, Hearing
Services Schools, 1979, 10, 14-20.
Weber, H. J., McGovern, F. J., & Zink, D. An evaluation of 1,000 children with
hearing loss. J. Speech-Hearing Disorders, 1967, 32, 343-354.
Wilson, M. R., & Stewart, J. M. A quantitative analysis of special needs with
emphasis on speech and hearing in the Boston public schools. J. Communica,
tion Disorders, 1983, 16, 1-18.