Vol 34 No 1 (2015): .
Speech
Exploratory Study on the Developmental Pattern of Oral-motor Function in Children with Down’s syndrome
How to Cite
Z, A. M., T, P. T., M, P., S, V., NS, S., & GTM, J. (1). Exploratory Study on the Developmental Pattern of Oral-motor Function in Children with Down’s syndrome. Journal of All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, 34(1), 55-62. Retrieved from http://203.129.241.91/jaiish/index.php/aiish/article/view/839
Abstract
Children with Down's syndrome (DS) most commonly exhibit poor oral motor skills. These decits in oral motor functioning may be attributed to abnormalities in the anatomy and physiology of the oral mechanism. The deviations in oral structures aect the development and functioning of the oral motor mechanism in this population. The present study
examined the deviations in the oral motor skills in children with DS in the age group of 6 months to 60 months and compared with age matched children with developmental delay and intellectual disability (ID) without DS. An adaptation of the Scales for Oral-Motor Assessment (Rupela, 2008) was administered to the participants which consisted of rating of
oral structures at rest and on non-speech tasks. The results showed that participants with DS exhibited lower scores on oral motor structures at rest. The ndings indicated a developmental trend for participants with DS on oral motor function tasks in contrast to the ID group without DS. Further results of correlation analysis revealed a signicant correlation
between the oral motor structures at rest and oral motor function for participants with DS.These results suggest that although participants with DS and participants with ID without DS display atypical oral motor skills, they dier in oral-motor development patterns and exhibit heterogeneity within the group.
References
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guage development in Down syndrome: from the prelin-
guistic period to the acquisition of literacy. Mental Re-
tardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Re-
views, 13, 247-261.
Arvedson, J.C. & Lefton-Greif, M.A. (1996). Anatomy,
physiology, and development of feeding. Seminars in
Speech, Language and Hearing, 17, 261-268.
Barnes, E. F., Roberts, J., Mirrett, P., Sideris, J., & Misen-
heimer, J. (2006). A comparison of oral structure and
oral-motor function in young males with fragile X syn-
drome and Down syndrome. Journal of Speech, Lan-
guage, and Hearing Research, 49, 903-917.
Benda,C. E. (1947). Mongolism and Cretinism. Heinemann,
London.
Bosma, JF (1986). Development of Feeding. Journal of
Clinical Nutrition, 5, 210-218.
Crome, L., Cowie, V., & Slater, E. (1966). A statistical note
on cerebellar and brain-stem weight in Mongolism. Jour-
nal of Mental De ciency Research, 10, 69-72.
Desai S. S. (1997). Down syndrome: A review of the litera-
ture. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral
Radiology, and Endodontology, 84, 279-285.
Dodd, B.J., & Thompson, L. (2001). Speech disorder in
children with Down's syndrome. Journal of Intellectual
Disability Research, 45, 308-316.
Dykens, E. M., Hodapp, R. M., & Finucane, B. M. (2000).
Genetics and Intellectual disability Syndromes: A New
Look at Behavior and Interventions. Paul H. Brookes:
Baltimore.
Engler, M. (1949). Mongolism (Peristatic Amentia).
Wright. Bristol.
Frazer, J.B., & Friedman, B. (1996). Swallow function in
children with Down syndrome: A retrospective study.
Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 38, 695-
703.
Frith, U. & Frith, C. D. (1974). Speci c motor disabilities
in Down's syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and
Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 15, 293-301.
Kumin, L. (2002). Why can't you understand what I am
saying: Speech intelligibility in Daily Life. Disability
Solutions, 5, 1-15.
Kumin, L. & Adams, J. (2000). Developmental apraxia
of speech and intelligibility in children with Down syn-
drome. Down Syndrome Quarterly, 5, 1-6.
Kumin, L., & Bahr, D. C. (1999). Patterns of feeding, eat-
ing and drinking in young children with Down syndrome
with oral motor concerns. Down Syndrome Quarterly,
4, 1-8.
Leddy, M. (1999). Biological bases of speech in people with
Down syndrome. J. Miller, M. Leddy & L. Leavitt
(Eds.), Improving the Communication of People with
Down Syndrome (pp. 61-80).
McMillan, R. S., & Kashgarian, M. (1961). Relation of
human abnormalities of structure and function to ab-
normalities of the dentition: II Monogolism. American
Dental Association, 63, 368-73.
Miller, J. F. (1988). The developmental asynchrony of lan-
guage development in children with Down syndrome. In
L. Nadel (Ed.), The Psychobiology of Down Syndrome
(pp. 167-198). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Miller, J. F., & Leddy, M. (1998). Down syndrome: the im-
pact of speech production on language development. In
R. Paul (Ed.), Communication and Language Interven-
tion: Vol. 8. Exploring the Speech-Language Connec-
tion (pp. 163-177). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
Miller, J.F., Leddy, M.G. & Leavitt, L.A. (1999). Improv-
ing the Communication of People with Down Syndrome.
Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing.
Morris, S. E., & Klein, M. D. (2000). Pre-Feeding Skills: A
comprehensive resource for mealtimedevelopment (2nd
ed.). Tucson, Arizona: Therapy Skill Builders.
Rast, M. M., & Harris, S. R. (1985). Motor control in in-
fants with Down syndrome. Developmental Medicine
and Child Neurology, 27, 675-685.
Roberts, J. E., Price, J., & Malkin, C. (2007). Language and
communication development in Down syndrome. Men-
tal Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research
Reviews, 13, 26-35.
Rupela, V. (2008). Assessment of oral motor, oral praxis and
verbal praxis skills in persons with Down Syndrome. Un-
published doctoral thesis, University of Mysore, Mysore,
India.
Rynders, J.E., & Horrobin, J.M. (1996). Down Syndrome:
Birth to Adulthood. Giving Families an Edge. USA:
Love Publishing Company.
Share, J., & French, R. (1993). Motor development of Down
syndrome children. Kearney, NE: Educational Asso-
ciates.
Smith, B. L., & Stoel-Gammon, C. (1983). A longitudinal
study of the development of stop consonant production
in normal and Down's syndrome children. Journal of
Speech and Hearing Disorders, 48, 114-118.
Sommers, R.K., Patterson, J.P., & Wildgen, P.L. (1988).
Phonology of Down Syndrome Speakers, Ages 13-22.
Journal of Child Communication Disorders, 12, 65-
91.
Spano, M., Mercuri, E., Rand T., et al. (1999). Motor
and perceptual-motor competence in children with Down
syndrome: variation in performance with age. European
Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 3, 7-13.
Spender, Q., Stein, A., Dennis, J., Reilly, S., & Cave, D.
(1995). Impaired oral-motor function in children with
Down's syndrome: a study of three twin pairs. Euro-
pean Journal of Disorders of Communication, 30, 77-
87.
Spender, Q., Stein, A., Dennis, J., Reilly, S., Percy, E., &
Cave, D. (1996). An exploration of feeding diculties in
children with Down syndrome. Developmental Medicine
and Child Neurology, 38, 681-694.
Stoel-Gammon, C. (1997). Phonological development in
Down syndrome. Intellectual disability and Develop-
mental Disabilities Research Review, 3, 300-306.
Stoel-Gammon, C. (2001). Down syndrome phonology: De-
velopmental patterns and intervention strategies. Down
Syndrome Research and Practice, 7, 93-100.
Yarter, B.H. (1980). Speech and language programs for the
Down's population. Seminars in Speech, Language and
Hearing, 1, 49-61.
Zisk, P. K., & Bialer, I. (1967). Speech and language prob-
lems in Mongolism: A review of the literature. Journal
of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 32, 228-241.
guage development in Down syndrome: from the prelin-
guistic period to the acquisition of literacy. Mental Re-
tardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Re-
views, 13, 247-261.
Arvedson, J.C. & Lefton-Greif, M.A. (1996). Anatomy,
physiology, and development of feeding. Seminars in
Speech, Language and Hearing, 17, 261-268.
Barnes, E. F., Roberts, J., Mirrett, P., Sideris, J., & Misen-
heimer, J. (2006). A comparison of oral structure and
oral-motor function in young males with fragile X syn-
drome and Down syndrome. Journal of Speech, Lan-
guage, and Hearing Research, 49, 903-917.
Benda,C. E. (1947). Mongolism and Cretinism. Heinemann,
London.
Bosma, JF (1986). Development of Feeding. Journal of
Clinical Nutrition, 5, 210-218.
Crome, L., Cowie, V., & Slater, E. (1966). A statistical note
on cerebellar and brain-stem weight in Mongolism. Jour-
nal of Mental De ciency Research, 10, 69-72.
Desai S. S. (1997). Down syndrome: A review of the litera-
ture. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral
Radiology, and Endodontology, 84, 279-285.
Dodd, B.J., & Thompson, L. (2001). Speech disorder in
children with Down's syndrome. Journal of Intellectual
Disability Research, 45, 308-316.
Dykens, E. M., Hodapp, R. M., & Finucane, B. M. (2000).
Genetics and Intellectual disability Syndromes: A New
Look at Behavior and Interventions. Paul H. Brookes:
Baltimore.
Engler, M. (1949). Mongolism (Peristatic Amentia).
Wright. Bristol.
Frazer, J.B., & Friedman, B. (1996). Swallow function in
children with Down syndrome: A retrospective study.
Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 38, 695-
703.
Frith, U. & Frith, C. D. (1974). Speci c motor disabilities
in Down's syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and
Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 15, 293-301.
Kumin, L. (2002). Why can't you understand what I am
saying: Speech intelligibility in Daily Life. Disability
Solutions, 5, 1-15.
Kumin, L. & Adams, J. (2000). Developmental apraxia
of speech and intelligibility in children with Down syn-
drome. Down Syndrome Quarterly, 5, 1-6.
Kumin, L., & Bahr, D. C. (1999). Patterns of feeding, eat-
ing and drinking in young children with Down syndrome
with oral motor concerns. Down Syndrome Quarterly,
4, 1-8.
Leddy, M. (1999). Biological bases of speech in people with
Down syndrome. J. Miller, M. Leddy & L. Leavitt
(Eds.), Improving the Communication of People with
Down Syndrome (pp. 61-80).
McMillan, R. S., & Kashgarian, M. (1961). Relation of
human abnormalities of structure and function to ab-
normalities of the dentition: II Monogolism. American
Dental Association, 63, 368-73.
Miller, J. F. (1988). The developmental asynchrony of lan-
guage development in children with Down syndrome. In
L. Nadel (Ed.), The Psychobiology of Down Syndrome
(pp. 167-198). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Miller, J. F., & Leddy, M. (1998). Down syndrome: the im-
pact of speech production on language development. In
R. Paul (Ed.), Communication and Language Interven-
tion: Vol. 8. Exploring the Speech-Language Connec-
tion (pp. 163-177). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
Miller, J.F., Leddy, M.G. & Leavitt, L.A. (1999). Improv-
ing the Communication of People with Down Syndrome.
Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing.
Morris, S. E., & Klein, M. D. (2000). Pre-Feeding Skills: A
comprehensive resource for mealtimedevelopment (2nd
ed.). Tucson, Arizona: Therapy Skill Builders.
Rast, M. M., & Harris, S. R. (1985). Motor control in in-
fants with Down syndrome. Developmental Medicine
and Child Neurology, 27, 675-685.
Roberts, J. E., Price, J., & Malkin, C. (2007). Language and
communication development in Down syndrome. Men-
tal Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research
Reviews, 13, 26-35.
Rupela, V. (2008). Assessment of oral motor, oral praxis and
verbal praxis skills in persons with Down Syndrome. Un-
published doctoral thesis, University of Mysore, Mysore,
India.
Rynders, J.E., & Horrobin, J.M. (1996). Down Syndrome:
Birth to Adulthood. Giving Families an Edge. USA:
Love Publishing Company.
Share, J., & French, R. (1993). Motor development of Down
syndrome children. Kearney, NE: Educational Asso-
ciates.
Smith, B. L., & Stoel-Gammon, C. (1983). A longitudinal
study of the development of stop consonant production
in normal and Down's syndrome children. Journal of
Speech and Hearing Disorders, 48, 114-118.
Sommers, R.K., Patterson, J.P., & Wildgen, P.L. (1988).
Phonology of Down Syndrome Speakers, Ages 13-22.
Journal of Child Communication Disorders, 12, 65-
91.
Spano, M., Mercuri, E., Rand T., et al. (1999). Motor
and perceptual-motor competence in children with Down
syndrome: variation in performance with age. European
Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 3, 7-13.
Spender, Q., Stein, A., Dennis, J., Reilly, S., & Cave, D.
(1995). Impaired oral-motor function in children with
Down's syndrome: a study of three twin pairs. Euro-
pean Journal of Disorders of Communication, 30, 77-
87.
Spender, Q., Stein, A., Dennis, J., Reilly, S., Percy, E., &
Cave, D. (1996). An exploration of feeding diculties in
children with Down syndrome. Developmental Medicine
and Child Neurology, 38, 681-694.
Stoel-Gammon, C. (1997). Phonological development in
Down syndrome. Intellectual disability and Develop-
mental Disabilities Research Review, 3, 300-306.
Stoel-Gammon, C. (2001). Down syndrome phonology: De-
velopmental patterns and intervention strategies. Down
Syndrome Research and Practice, 7, 93-100.
Yarter, B.H. (1980). Speech and language programs for the
Down's population. Seminars in Speech, Language and
Hearing, 1, 49-61.
Zisk, P. K., & Bialer, I. (1967). Speech and language prob-
lems in Mongolism: A review of the literature. Journal
of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 32, 228-241.