How to Cite
NP, N., & M, J. (1). A New Approach to the Classification of Voice Disorders. Journal of All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, 13(1), 21-28. Retrieved from http://203.129.241.91/jaiish/index.php/aiish/article/view/637
Abstract
Almost all branches of science are afflicted with a certain amount of ambiguity, inappropriateness and duplication in the use of terms for which Speech Pathology is not exception. In Speech Pathology, perhaps no other branch is afflicted more with this ambiguity in the usage of terms than the field of voice. Much of this semantic confusion in the field of voice is the heritage of pre-scientific ear when singers and singing teachers tried to describe what they felt when they sang and what they thought was actually happening (Broadnitz, 1959). Many of these terms that they coined are still in use and in doing so perhaps we are thinking in wrong concepts.
References
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Berryj M.H. and Eisenson, J.: Speech Disorders: Principles and practices of therapy. Peter Owen Ltd., London, 1956.
Boone, D.: The voice and voice therapy. Prentice Hall Inc.,Englewood Cliffs, New Jersy, 1971.
Broadnitz, F. : Functional voice disorders. In N. Levine (Ed.), Voice and speech disorders (medical aspects). C.C. Thomas, Springfield, 1962.
Broadnitz, F.S.: Vocal Rehabilitation. Whiting Press Ltd., Minnesota, 1959.
Broadnitz, F.S.; Goals, results and limitations of vocal rehabilitation. Arch. Otolaryngology, 77, 148-156, 1963.
Cowan: Pitch and Intensity characteristics of stage speech. Arch. Speech Supplement, 1, 1-92, 1936.
Fletcher, H.: Speech and hearing communication. D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., Holland, 1953.
Freud, E.: Functions and dysfunctions of the ventricular folds., J. Speech Hear. Dis., 27, 334-340, 1962.
Froescheles, E.: Laws in the appearance and development of voice hyperfunctions. J. Speech Dis., 5, 1-4, 1940.
Froescheles, E.: Chewing method as therapy. Arch. Otolaryngol., 56, 427-434, 1952.
George Samuel: A study of the fundamental frequency of voice and natural frequency of the vocal tract on an Indian population of different age ranges. Master's dissertation, University of Mysore, 1973.
Greene, M.C.L.: The voice and its disorders. Pitman Medical Publishing Co., London, 1964,
Judson, L.S.V. and Weaver, A.T.: Voice Science. Appleton Century Crofts, New York, 1965.
Laver, J.D.M.: Voice quality and indexical information. British J. Dis. Commn., 3, 43-55, 1968.
Leden, M.V.: Paul Moore and Timeke, R.: Laryngeal vibrations: Measurement of the glottic wave. III . The pathological larynx. Arch. Otolaryngol., 71, 26-45, 1960.
Michael and Wendal: Correlates of voice production. In L.E. Travis (Ed.), Handbook of Speech Pathology, Appleton Century Crofts, New York, 1971.
Murphy, A.T.: Functional voice disorders. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersy, 1964.
Mysak, E.D.: Phonatory and resonatory problems. In R.W. Rieber and R.S. Brubaker (Eds). Speech Pathology. North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1966.
Nataraja, N.P.: An objective way of locating optimum pitch. Master's dissertation, Univ. of Mysore, 1972.
Paul Moore, G.: Voice disorders associated with organic anomalies. In L.E. Travis (Ed). Handbook of Speech Pathology. Appleton Century Crofts, New York, 1971.
Perkins, W.H.: Speech Pathology—An applied behavioral science. The C.V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1971.
Rubin, H.J. and Lehrhoff, I.: Pathogenesis and treatment of vocal nodules. J. Speech Hearing Dis., 27, 150-161, 1962.
Shantha, Y.S.: Establishing and validating isochronal tone stimulation technique. Master's dissertation. Univ. of Mysore, 1973.
Shashikala, H.R.: Physioacoustic economy at optimum frequency. Master's dissertation Univ. of Mysore, 1979.
Sokoloff, M. : Functional voice disorders. In R.W. Rieber and R.S. Brubaker (Eds). Speech Pathology. North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1966.
Strother, C.R.: Voice Improvement. In J. O'Neill (Ed), Foundations of Speech. Prentice Hall, New York, 1946.
Thurman, W.T.: Frequency intensity relationships and optimum pitch level. J. Speech Hearing Res., 1, 117-123, 1958.
Van Riper, C. and Irwin, J.V.: Voice and Articulation. Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersy, 1958.
West, R., Ansberry, M. and Carr, A.: The rehabilitation of speech. III Edn., Harper and Row, New York, 1957.
Williamson, A.B.: Diagnosis and treatment of 72 cases of hoarse voice. Art. J. Speech, XXXI, p . 189, 1946.
Wilson, D.K.: Children with vocal nodules. J. Speech Hearing Dis., 26, 19-26, 1961.
Berryj M.H. and Eisenson, J.: Speech Disorders: Principles and practices of therapy. Peter Owen Ltd., London, 1956.
Boone, D.: The voice and voice therapy. Prentice Hall Inc.,Englewood Cliffs, New Jersy, 1971.
Broadnitz, F. : Functional voice disorders. In N. Levine (Ed.), Voice and speech disorders (medical aspects). C.C. Thomas, Springfield, 1962.
Broadnitz, F.S.: Vocal Rehabilitation. Whiting Press Ltd., Minnesota, 1959.
Broadnitz, F.S.; Goals, results and limitations of vocal rehabilitation. Arch. Otolaryngology, 77, 148-156, 1963.
Cowan: Pitch and Intensity characteristics of stage speech. Arch. Speech Supplement, 1, 1-92, 1936.
Fletcher, H.: Speech and hearing communication. D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., Holland, 1953.
Freud, E.: Functions and dysfunctions of the ventricular folds., J. Speech Hear. Dis., 27, 334-340, 1962.
Froescheles, E.: Laws in the appearance and development of voice hyperfunctions. J. Speech Dis., 5, 1-4, 1940.
Froescheles, E.: Chewing method as therapy. Arch. Otolaryngol., 56, 427-434, 1952.
George Samuel: A study of the fundamental frequency of voice and natural frequency of the vocal tract on an Indian population of different age ranges. Master's dissertation, University of Mysore, 1973.
Greene, M.C.L.: The voice and its disorders. Pitman Medical Publishing Co., London, 1964,
Judson, L.S.V. and Weaver, A.T.: Voice Science. Appleton Century Crofts, New York, 1965.
Laver, J.D.M.: Voice quality and indexical information. British J. Dis. Commn., 3, 43-55, 1968.
Leden, M.V.: Paul Moore and Timeke, R.: Laryngeal vibrations: Measurement of the glottic wave. III . The pathological larynx. Arch. Otolaryngol., 71, 26-45, 1960.
Michael and Wendal: Correlates of voice production. In L.E. Travis (Ed.), Handbook of Speech Pathology, Appleton Century Crofts, New York, 1971.
Murphy, A.T.: Functional voice disorders. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersy, 1964.
Mysak, E.D.: Phonatory and resonatory problems. In R.W. Rieber and R.S. Brubaker (Eds). Speech Pathology. North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1966.
Nataraja, N.P.: An objective way of locating optimum pitch. Master's dissertation, Univ. of Mysore, 1972.
Paul Moore, G.: Voice disorders associated with organic anomalies. In L.E. Travis (Ed). Handbook of Speech Pathology. Appleton Century Crofts, New York, 1971.
Perkins, W.H.: Speech Pathology—An applied behavioral science. The C.V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1971.
Rubin, H.J. and Lehrhoff, I.: Pathogenesis and treatment of vocal nodules. J. Speech Hearing Dis., 27, 150-161, 1962.
Shantha, Y.S.: Establishing and validating isochronal tone stimulation technique. Master's dissertation. Univ. of Mysore, 1973.
Shashikala, H.R.: Physioacoustic economy at optimum frequency. Master's dissertation Univ. of Mysore, 1979.
Sokoloff, M. : Functional voice disorders. In R.W. Rieber and R.S. Brubaker (Eds). Speech Pathology. North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1966.
Strother, C.R.: Voice Improvement. In J. O'Neill (Ed), Foundations of Speech. Prentice Hall, New York, 1946.
Thurman, W.T.: Frequency intensity relationships and optimum pitch level. J. Speech Hearing Res., 1, 117-123, 1958.
Van Riper, C. and Irwin, J.V.: Voice and Articulation. Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersy, 1958.
West, R., Ansberry, M. and Carr, A.: The rehabilitation of speech. III Edn., Harper and Row, New York, 1957.
Williamson, A.B.: Diagnosis and treatment of 72 cases of hoarse voice. Art. J. Speech, XXXI, p . 189, 1946.
Wilson, D.K.: Children with vocal nodules. J. Speech Hearing Dis., 26, 19-26, 1961.