Vol 34 No 1 (2015): .
Language
Lexical-Semantic Production and Inhibitory Control Skills in Monolingual (Kannada) and Bilingual (Kannada-English) Children
How to Cite
Suma Raju, & Nuggehalli Puttaveeraiah Nataraja. (1). Lexical-Semantic Production and Inhibitory Control Skills in Monolingual (Kannada) and Bilingual (Kannada-English) Children. Journal of All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, 34(1), 90-100. Retrieved from http://203.129.241.91/jaiish/index.php/aiish/article/view/852
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate lexical semantic production and inhibitory control skills in monolingual and bilingual children. A total of 240 children in the age range of 8 to 10 years with one year age interval belonged to monolingual and bilingual groups participated in the study. Timed picture naming task was used to assess lexical semantic production. Two subtasks namely verbal inhibition and nonverbal motor inhibition was used to examine the inhibitory control skills in all the participants. Response accuracy and reaction times were the two parameters measured in each task. The results of the present study revealed that the age and gender did not have any signicant eect on the performance of these tasks. Further, the result showed that there was a signicant dierence
between monolingual and bilingual children in picture naming, where monolinguals named more number of pictures accurately with faster reaction time. In both subtasks of inhibition bilinguals were fast in inhibiting the verbal and nonverbal responses. To conclude better picture naming skills observed in monolinguals and enhanced inhibitory control skills noted in bilinguals are discussed in the study.
References
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aphasia, and real-time processing. Language and Cogni-
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Bialystok, E, & Viswanathan, M.(2009). Components of executive
control with advantages for bilingual children in
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awareness. Developmental Psychology, 24, 560-567.
Bialystok, E. (1992). Attentional control in children's metalinguistic
performance and measures of eld independence.
Developmental Psychology, 28, 654-664.
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guage, literacy, and cognition. New York: Cambridge.
University Press.
Bialystok, E. (2010). Global-local and trail-making tasks by
monolingual and bilingual children: Beyond inhibition.
Developmental Psychology, 46, 93-105.
Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., Green, D. W., & Gollan, T..
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Public Interest, 10, 89-129.
Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., & Luk, G. (2008a). Cognitive
control and lexical access in younger and older
bilinguals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learn-
ing, Memory, and Cognition, 34, 859-873.
Bialystok, E., Luk, G., Peets, K.F., & Yang, S. (2010). Receptive
vocabulary di erences in monolingual and bilingual
children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition,
13, 525-531.
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C.J., & Gabrieli, J. D. (2002). Immature frontal lobe
contributions to cognitive control in children: Evidence
from fMRI. Neuron, 33, 301-311.
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lexicon and grammar: Cross-sectional and longitudinal
studies of bilingual toddlers. Child Development, 77,
712-735.
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ulary Test-Third Edition. Bloomington, MN: Pearson
Assessments.
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Executive function in preschoolers: A review using an
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60.
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(TOT) Data to theoretical implications in two steps:
When more TOTs means better retrieval. Journal of
Experimental Psychology, 135, 462-483.
Gollan, T., Fennema-Notestine., C, Montoya, R., & Jernigan,
T. (2007). The bilingual e ect on Boston naming
test performance. Journal of the International Neu-
ropsychological Society, 13, 197-208.
Gollan, T. H., Montoya, R. I., Fennema-Notestine, C., &
Morris, S. K. (2005). Bilingualism a ects picture naming
but not picture classi cation. Memory and Cognition,
33, 1220-1234.
Green, D. W. (1998). Mental control of the bilingual
lexico-semantic system. Language and Cognition, 1, 67-
81.
Hamers, J., & Blanc M. (2000). Bilinguality and bilingual-
ism (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University
Press.
Hernandez, A. E., & Meschyan, G. (2006). Executive function
is necessary to enhance lexical processing in a less
pro cient L2: Evidence from fMRI during picture naming.
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 9, 177-
188.
Ivanova, I., & Costa, A. (2008). Does bilingualism hamper
lexical access in speech production? Acta Psychologica,
127, 277-288.
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Assessment Protocol for adults. Research at AIISH,
Dissertation abstracts: Vol: IV, 124-125.
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and entropy in spoken word recognition. Language and
Cognitive Processes, 16, 565-581.
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being bilingual. Cerebrum, October. Retrieved from
http://dana.org/news/cerebrum/
McLaughlin, B. (1978). Second language acquisition in
childhood. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Mindt, M. R., Arentoft, A., Kubo Germano, K., D'Aquila,
E., Scheiner, D., Pizzirusso, M., Sandoval, T.C., &
Gollan, T. H. (2008). Neuropsychological, cognitive,
and theoretical considerations for evaluation of bilingual
individuals. Neuropsychology Review, 18(3), 255-
268.
Mirman, D., & Magnuson, J. S. (2008). Attractor dynamics
and semantic neighborhood density: Processing is
slowed by near neighbors and speeded by distant neighbors.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning,
Memory, and Cognition, 34, 65-79.
Nicoladis, E. & Giovanni, S. (2000). The role of a child's productive
vocabulary in the language choice of a bilingual
family. First Language, 20, 328.
Pearson, B.Z., Fernandez, S. C., & Oller, D. K. (1993). Lexical
development in bilingual infants and toddlers: Comparison
to monolingual norms. Language Learning, 43,
93-120.
Petitto, L. A. (1987). On the autonomy of language and
gesture: Evidence from the acquisition of personal pronouns
in American Sign Language. Cognition, 27, 1-
52.
Petitto, L. A., Katerelos, M., Levy, B.G., Gauna, K.,
Tetreault, K., & Ferraro, V. (2001). Bilingual signed
and spoken language acquisition from birth: Implications
for the mechanisms underlying early bilingual language
acquisition. Journal of Child Language, 28, 453-
496.
Ransdell, S.E., & Fischler, I. (1987). Memory in a monolingual
mode: When are bilinguals at a disadvantage?
Journal of Memory and Language, 26, 392-405.
Roberts, P. M., Garcia, L. J., Desrochers, A., & Hernandez,
D. (2002). English performance of pro cient bilingual
adults on the Boston Naming Test. Aphasiology, 16,
635-645.
Sangeetha, G. S., & Swapna, N. (2011). Cognitive linguistic
abilities in simultaneous vs sequential bilingual children,
Dissertation (AIISH).
Venkatesan S. (2009). Readapted from 1777 Version. NIMH
Socio Economic Status Scale. Secunderabad: National
Institute for the mentally Handicapped.
Vitevitch, M.S. (2002). The in
uence of phonological similarity
neighborhoods on speech production. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition,
28, 735-747.
Wylie, E., & Ingram, D.E. (2006).International second lan-
guage pro ciency ratings (ISLPR): general pro ciency
version for English. Grith University. Centre for Applied
Linguistics and Languages Published Nathan, Qld.
: Centre for Applied Linguistics and Language, Mt Gravatt
Campus Grith University.
Zelazo, P. D., Muller, U., Frye, D., & Marcovitch, S. (2003).
The development of executive function. Monographs of
the society for research in child development, 68, 11-
27.
Zelazo, P. D., & Muller, U. (2010). Executive function in
typical and atypical children. In U. Goswami (Ed.),
Blackwell Handbook of cognitive development (2nd revised
edition; pp. 574-603). Oxford: Blackwell
of grammar and the lexicon: Evidence from acquisition,
aphasia, and real-time processing. Language and Cogni-
tive Processes, 12, 507-584.
Bialystok, E, & Viswanathan, M.(2009). Components of executive
control with advantages for bilingual children in
two cultures. Cognition, 112, 494-500.
Bialystok, E. (1988). Levels of bilingualism and levels of linguistic
awareness. Developmental Psychology, 24, 560-567.
Bialystok, E. (1992). Attentional control in children's metalinguistic
performance and measures of eld independence.
Developmental Psychology, 28, 654-664.
Bialystok, E. (2001). Bilingualism in development: Lan-
guage, literacy, and cognition. New York: Cambridge.
University Press.
Bialystok, E. (2010). Global-local and trail-making tasks by
monolingual and bilingual children: Beyond inhibition.
Developmental Psychology, 46, 93-105.
Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., Green, D. W., & Gollan, T..
H (2009). Bilingual minds. Psychological Science in the
Public Interest, 10, 89-129.
Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., & Luk, G. (2008a). Cognitive
control and lexical access in younger and older
bilinguals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learn-
ing, Memory, and Cognition, 34, 859-873.
Bialystok, E., Luk, G., Peets, K.F., & Yang, S. (2010). Receptive
vocabulary di erences in monolingual and bilingual
children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition,
13, 525-531.
Bunge, S. A., Dudukovic, N. M., Thomason, M. E., Vaidya,
C.J., & Gabrieli, J. D. (2002). Immature frontal lobe
contributions to cognitive control in children: Evidence
from fMRI. Neuron, 33, 301-311.
Conboy, B. T., & Thal, D. J. (2006). Ties between the
lexicon and grammar: Cross-sectional and longitudinal
studies of bilingual toddlers. Child Development, 77,
712-735.
Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, L. M. (1997). Peabody Picture Vocab-
ulary Test-Third Edition. Bloomington, MN: Pearson
Assessments.
Eimas, P., Garon, N., Bryson, S. E., & Smith, I. M. (2008).
Executive function in preschoolers: A review using an
integrative framework. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 31-
60.
Gollan, T., & Brown, A. (2006). From Tip-of-the-Tongue
(TOT) Data to theoretical implications in two steps:
When more TOTs means better retrieval. Journal of
Experimental Psychology, 135, 462-483.
Gollan, T., Fennema-Notestine., C, Montoya, R., & Jernigan,
T. (2007). The bilingual e ect on Boston naming
test performance. Journal of the International Neu-
ropsychological Society, 13, 197-208.
Gollan, T. H., Montoya, R. I., Fennema-Notestine, C., &
Morris, S. K. (2005). Bilingualism a ects picture naming
but not picture classi cation. Memory and Cognition,
33, 1220-1234.
Green, D. W. (1998). Mental control of the bilingual
lexico-semantic system. Language and Cognition, 1, 67-
81.
Hamers, J., & Blanc M. (2000). Bilinguality and bilingual-
ism (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University
Press.
Hernandez, A. E., & Meschyan, G. (2006). Executive function
is necessary to enhance lexical processing in a less
pro cient L2: Evidence from fMRI during picture naming.
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 9, 177-
188.
Ivanova, I., & Costa, A. (2008). Does bilingualism hamper
lexical access in speech production? Acta Psychologica,
127, 277-288.
Kamath, A., & Prema, K. S. (2003). Cognitive-Linguistic
Assessment Protocol for adults. Research at AIISH,
Dissertation abstracts: Vol: IV, 124-125.
Kaplan, E., Goodglass, H., & Weintraub, S. (1983).
The Boston Naming Test. Philadelphia: Lea &
Febiger.
Kohnert, K. (2009). Cross-language generalization following
treatment in bilingual speakers with aphasia: A review.
Seminars in Speech and Language, 30, 174-186.
Lezak, M.D. (1995). Neuropsychological Assessment (3rd
ed.). Oxford: Oxford Linguistic pro le test.
Lezak, M.D. (1995). Neuropsychological assessment. (3rd
ed.). New York: Oxford University Press
Luce, P. A., & Large, N. R. (2001). Phonotactics, density,
and entropy in spoken word recognition. Language and
Cognitive Processes, 16, 565-581.
Marian, V., & Shook, A. (2012). The cognitive bene ts of
being bilingual. Cerebrum, October. Retrieved from
http://dana.org/news/cerebrum/
McLaughlin, B. (1978). Second language acquisition in
childhood. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Mindt, M. R., Arentoft, A., Kubo Germano, K., D'Aquila,
E., Scheiner, D., Pizzirusso, M., Sandoval, T.C., &
Gollan, T. H. (2008). Neuropsychological, cognitive,
and theoretical considerations for evaluation of bilingual
individuals. Neuropsychology Review, 18(3), 255-
268.
Mirman, D., & Magnuson, J. S. (2008). Attractor dynamics
and semantic neighborhood density: Processing is
slowed by near neighbors and speeded by distant neighbors.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning,
Memory, and Cognition, 34, 65-79.
Nicoladis, E. & Giovanni, S. (2000). The role of a child's productive
vocabulary in the language choice of a bilingual
family. First Language, 20, 328.
Pearson, B.Z., Fernandez, S. C., & Oller, D. K. (1993). Lexical
development in bilingual infants and toddlers: Comparison
to monolingual norms. Language Learning, 43,
93-120.
Petitto, L. A. (1987). On the autonomy of language and
gesture: Evidence from the acquisition of personal pronouns
in American Sign Language. Cognition, 27, 1-
52.
Petitto, L. A., Katerelos, M., Levy, B.G., Gauna, K.,
Tetreault, K., & Ferraro, V. (2001). Bilingual signed
and spoken language acquisition from birth: Implications
for the mechanisms underlying early bilingual language
acquisition. Journal of Child Language, 28, 453-
496.
Ransdell, S.E., & Fischler, I. (1987). Memory in a monolingual
mode: When are bilinguals at a disadvantage?
Journal of Memory and Language, 26, 392-405.
Roberts, P. M., Garcia, L. J., Desrochers, A., & Hernandez,
D. (2002). English performance of pro cient bilingual
adults on the Boston Naming Test. Aphasiology, 16,
635-645.
Sangeetha, G. S., & Swapna, N. (2011). Cognitive linguistic
abilities in simultaneous vs sequential bilingual children,
Dissertation (AIISH).
Venkatesan S. (2009). Readapted from 1777 Version. NIMH
Socio Economic Status Scale. Secunderabad: National
Institute for the mentally Handicapped.
Vitevitch, M.S. (2002). The in
uence of phonological similarity
neighborhoods on speech production. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition,
28, 735-747.
Wylie, E., & Ingram, D.E. (2006).International second lan-
guage pro ciency ratings (ISLPR): general pro ciency
version for English. Grith University. Centre for Applied
Linguistics and Languages Published Nathan, Qld.
: Centre for Applied Linguistics and Language, Mt Gravatt
Campus Grith University.
Zelazo, P. D., Muller, U., Frye, D., & Marcovitch, S. (2003).
The development of executive function. Monographs of
the society for research in child development, 68, 11-
27.
Zelazo, P. D., & Muller, U. (2010). Executive function in
typical and atypical children. In U. Goswami (Ed.),
Blackwell Handbook of cognitive development (2nd revised
edition; pp. 574-603). Oxford: Blackwell