Abstract
The study aimed at developing a questionnaire for assessing quality of life in individuals with dysphagia. The study was carried out in two phases; rst phase included preparation of a questionnaire in English which was later translated to Marathi using forward and backward translation. In the second phase, the developed questionnaire was administered on thirty-ve adults with dysphagia. Item analysis was performed on scores obtained for each statement of the questionnaire by individuals with dysphagia. Eight
items required deletion after inter-item correlation leaving 47 statements in the nal questionnaire, Dysphagia Quality of Life Questionnaire in Marathi (D-QOL-QM), which were divided into four sections; functional, eating, psychosocial and, physical section. Overall cronbach's alpha coecient was very high (a=0.93) which shows that the questionnaire
has good reliablity. Results on Pearson's correlation showed good internal consistency and highly signicant moderate to high correlation for sections of questionnaire. This study provides a reliable clinical tool, D-QOL-QM, for assessing impact of dysphagia on individual's life in Indian scenario.
References
S., Pathak, K. A., Chaturvedi, P., Kakade A. C., Hawal-
dar, R. W., & D'Cruz, A. K. (2005). Quality of life of
head and neck cancer patient: validation of the Euro-
pean organization for research and treatment of cancer
QLQ-C30 and European organization for research and
treatment of cancer QLQ-H&N 35 in Indian patients.
Indian Journal of Cancer,42 (4), 178-84.
Chen, A. Y., Frankowski, R., Bishop-Leone, J., Hebert, T.,
MCD, Leyk, S., Lewin, J., & Goepfert, H. (2001). The
Development and Validation of a Dysphagia-Specic
Quality-of-Life Questionnaire for Patients with Head
and Neck Cancer-The M. D. Anderson Dysphagia In-
ventory. Archives of Otolaryngology Head and Neck
Surgery, 127(7), 870-876.
Deleyiannis, F. W., Weymuller, E. A., & Coltrera Jr, M.
D. (1997). Quality of life of disease-free survivors of ad-
vanced stage (III or IV) oropharyngeal cancer. Head &
Neck, 19(6), 466-73.
Dwivedi, C., Rose, S., Roe, J. W., Khan, A. S., Pepper,
C., Nutting, C. M., Clarke, P. M., Kerawala, C. J., Rhys-
Evans, P. H., Harrington, K. J. & Kazi, R. (2010). Vali-
dation of the Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ) in a
cohort of head and neck cancer patients. Oral Oncology,
46(4),10-14.
Ekberg, O., Hamby, S., Woisard, V., Wuttge, H. A., & Or-
tega, P. (2002). Social and psychological burden of dys-
phagia: its impact on International classication of dis-
ability and health, World Health Organization diagnosis
and treatment. Dysphagia, 17, 139-146.
Gillespie, M. B., Brodsky, M. B., Day, T. A., Lee, F. S., &
Martin-Harris, B. (2004). Swallowing-related quality of
life after head and neck cancer. Laryngoscope, 114(8),
1362-1367.
Guillemin., Bombardier., & Beaton, (1993). Cross-culture
adaptation of health- related quality of life measures:
literature review and proposed guidelines. Journal of
Epidemiology, 47(12), 1465-6.
Gustafsson, B., & Tibbling, L. (1991). Dysphagia: an un-
recognized handicap. Dysphagia, 6, 193-9.
Kumar, R.B., & Bhat, J. S. (2012). Manipal Manual for
Swallowing Assessment. Manipal University Press, Ma-
nipal, India.
Kwok, T., Pan, J. H., Lo, R., & Song, X. (2011). The in-
uence of participation on health-related quality of life
in stroke patients. Disability and Rehabilitation, 33, 21-
22.
Kwok, T., Wong, R.S., Kwong., Mok., & Kai, ^A
(2006).
Quality of life of stroke survivors: a 1-year follow-up
study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilita-
tion, 87(9), 1177-82.
Leow, L. P., Huckabee, M. L., Anderson, T., Beckert,
L.(2010). The impact of dysphagia on quality of life
in ageing and Parkinson's disease as measured by the
swallowing quality of life (SWAL-QOL) questionnaire.
Dysphagia, 25(3), 216-20.
Maclean, J., Cotton, S., & Perry, A. (2009). Dysphagia Fol-
lowing a Total Laryngectomy: The Eect on Quality of
Life, Functioning, and Psychological Well-Being. Dys-
phagia, 24(3), 14-321.
Manor, Y., Giladi, N., Cohen, A., Fliss, D. M., & Cohen,
J. T. (2007). Validation of a swallowing disturbance
questionnaire for detecting dysphagia in patients with
Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders, 22(13), 1917-
21.
Marcy, A., Ritter-Sterr, C., Shirley, R. N., & Lansky, B.
(2006). A performance status scale for head and neck
cancer patients. Cancer, 90(3), 564-569.
McElhiney, J. et. al. (2009). The Mayo Dysphagia
Questionnaire-30 - MDQ-30. Dysphagia, 25(3), 221-
30.
McHorney, C., Robbins, J., Lomax, K., Rosenbek, J., C.,
Chignell, K., Kramer, A. E., & Bricker, D. E. (2000).
The SWAL-QOL Outcomes Tool for Oropharyngeal
Dysphagia in Adults: I. Conceptual Foundation and
Item Development. Dysphagia, 15, 115-121.
McHorney, C., Martin. , Harris, B., Robbins, J., & Rosen-
bek, J. (2006). Clinical validity of the SWAL-QOL and
SWAL-CARE outcome tools with respect to bolus
ow
measures. Dysphagia, 21(3), 141-148.
McHorney, C., Robbins, J., Lomax, K., Rosenbek, J.,
Chignel, K., Kramer, A., & Bricker, E. (2002).
The SWAL-QOL and SWAL-CARE outcomes tool for
oropharyngeal dysphagia in adults: documentation of re-
liability and validity. Dysphagia, 17(2), 97-114.
Peto, V., Jenkinson, C., Fitzpatrick, R., & Greenhall, R.
(2009). The development and validation of a short mea-
sure of functioning and well being for individuals with
Parkinson's disease. Dysphagia, 24(3), 314-21.
Plowman-Prine, E. K., Sapienza, C. M., Okun, M. S., Pol-
lock, S. L., Jacobson, C., Wu, S. S., & Rosenbek, J.
C. (2009). The relationship between quality of life and
swallowing in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Movement
Disorder Society, 18, 637-645.
Silbergleit, S., Jacobson, B., & Johnson (2012). The Dys-
phagia Handicap Index: Development and Validation.
Dysphagia, 27, 46-52.
The WHOQoL Group (1995). The World Health Organisa-
tion WHOQoL-BREF Quality of Life Assessment. Psy-
chological Medicine, 28, 551-558.
Threats, T. (2007). Use of the ICF in Dysphagia Man-
agement. Seminars in Speech Language, 28(4), 323-
33.
Welsh, M.,McDermott, M. P., Holloway, R. G., Plumb, S.,
Pfeier, R., & Hubble, J. (2003). Parkinson Study
Group: Development and testing of the Parkinson's dis-
ease quality of life scale. Movement Disorder, 18(6),
637-45.
Woisard, V., & Lepage, B. (2010). The \Deglutition Handi-
cap Index" a self-administrated dysphagia-specic qual-
ity of life questionnaire: temporal reliability. Revue de
laryngology otology, 131(1), 19-22.