How to Cite
H.S. Gopal, Mirelli Brogli. (1). Apraxia of speech: a phonologic or motoric disorder. Journal of All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, 20(1), 1-13. Retrieved from http://203.129.241.91/jaiish/index.php/aiish/article/view/763
Abstract
Apraxia of speech has been considered as a phonologic disorder by some researchers and as a motoric disorder by others, and the debate continues. The current study attempted to further explore this issue using acoustic analysis of speech segments. Acoustic durations of high and low vowels were obtained from
two apraxics and two normal speakers at two speaking rates and in two postvocalic consonantal voicing contexts. The results of the study showed that the apraxics had abnormally long vowel durations; failed to maintain a significant duration difference between high and low vowels; did not vary speaking rate and had poor motor precision. However, they did manifest longer vowel durations when followed by a voiced postvocalic consonant. These findings were used to infer that apraxia of speech is primarily a motoric disorder with an intact phonological system.
References
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analysis of vowel duration in apraxia of speech : A
case study. Folia Phoniatrica, 35, 226-234.
Collins, M., Rosenbek, J. C, & Wertz, R. T. (1983).
Spectrographic analysis of vowel and word duration
in apraxia o f speech. Journal of Speech and Hearing
Research, 26, 224-230.
Crystal, T. H. & House, A. S. (1982). Segmental
durations in connected speech signals : Preliminary
results. Journal of the Acoustical Society ofAmerica,
72 (3), 705-716.
Crystal, T. H. & House, A. S. (1988). The duration
of American English vowels: An overview. Journal
of Phonetics, 16, 263-284.
Duffy, J. R. & Gawle, C. A. (1984). Apraxic speakers'
vowel duration in consonant-vowel-consonant
syllables. In J.C. Rosenbek, M. R. McNeil & A. E.
Aronson (Eds.), Apraxia of speech : Physiology,
Acoustics, and Management. San Diego : College-
Hill Press, pp. 167-196.
Gay, T. (1978). Effect of speaking rate on vowel
form ant movements. Journal of the Acoustical Society
of America, 63 (1), 223-230.
Gay, T. (1981). Mechanisms in the control of speech
rate. Phonetica, 38, 148-158.
Gopal, H. S. (1987). Temporal aspects of tense and
lax vowels in American English: Effects of speaking
rale and postvocalic consonantal voicing. Unpublished
dissertation. University of Texas at Dallas.
Gopal, H. S. (1990). Speaking rate and its effect on
the durations of tense and lax vowels. Journal of
Phonetics, 18, 497-518.
House, A. s. (1961). On vowel duration in English.
Journal; of the Acoustical Society of America, 33,
1174-1178.
Johns, D. & Darley, F. L. (1970). Phonemic variability
in apraxia of speech. Journal of Speech and
Hearing Research, 13, 556-583.
Kent, R. D. & Rosenbek, J. C. (1983). Acoustic
patterns of Apraxia of Speech. Journal of Speech
and Hearing Research, 26, 231-249.
Klatt, D. H. (1976). Linguistic uses of segmental
duration n English ; Acoustic and Perceptual evidence.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,
59(5), 1200-1221.
Klich, R. J. Ireland, J. v., & Weidncr, W.E (1979).
Articulatory and phonological aspects of consonant
substitutions in apraxia of speech. Cortex, 15, 451-
470.
Lehiste, I. Suprasegmenlals. MIT Press, Cambridge,
Mass., (1970).
Lehiste, I. (1972). the timing of utterances and
linguistic boundaries. Journal of the Acoustical
Society of America, 51, 2018-2024.
Lindblom, B.(1963). spcctrographic study of vowel
reduction. Journal of the Acoustical Society of
America, 35, 1773-1781.
Lindblom, B. (1967). Vowel duration and a model of
lipmandible co-ordination. Speech Transmission
Lab., Royal Institute of Technology, QPSR 4/1967,
pp. 1-29.
Martin, A. d. & Rigrodsky, S. (1974). An investigation
of phonological impairment in aphasia, part 1.
Cortex, 49, 317-328.
McNeilage, P. F. (1973). Motor control of serial
ordering in speech. Psychology Review, 77,182-196.
Nooteboom, S. G. (1972). Some timing factors in the
production and perception of vowels. Occasional
papers, University of Essex, Language Centre,
Colchester, September 1972, 1, pp. 25.
Peterson, G. E. & Lehiste, I. (1960). Duration of
syllable nuclei in English. Journal of the Acoustical
Society of America, 32, 693-703.
Port, R. F. (1981). Linguistic timing factors in
Apraxia of Speech 113
000combination. Journal of the Acoustical Society of
America, 69(1), 263-274.
Rosenbek, J. C.: (1980). Apraxia of speech - Relationship
to stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders,
5, 223-253.
Skenes, L. L. (1987). Durational changes of apraxic
speakers. Journal of Communication Disorders, 20,
61-71.
Weismer, G. & Fennel, A. M. (1985). Constancy of
(acoustic) relative timing measures in phrase-level
utterances. Journal of the Acoustical Society of
America, 78(1), 49-57.
Wertz, R. T. (1978). Neruopathologies of speech
and language : An introduction to patient management.
In D. Johns (Ed.), "Clinical Management of
Neurogenic Communicative Disorders".
Boston : Little Brown & Company (1978).
Zar, J. J. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Inc.
New Jersey. Second Edition (1984).
Ziegler, W. & von Cramon, D. (1986). Timing
deficits in apraxia of speech. European Archives of
Psychiatric Neurological Science, 236, 44-49
analysis of vowel duration in apraxia of speech : A
case study. Folia Phoniatrica, 35, 226-234.
Collins, M., Rosenbek, J. C, & Wertz, R. T. (1983).
Spectrographic analysis of vowel and word duration
in apraxia o f speech. Journal of Speech and Hearing
Research, 26, 224-230.
Crystal, T. H. & House, A. S. (1982). Segmental
durations in connected speech signals : Preliminary
results. Journal of the Acoustical Society ofAmerica,
72 (3), 705-716.
Crystal, T. H. & House, A. S. (1988). The duration
of American English vowels: An overview. Journal
of Phonetics, 16, 263-284.
Duffy, J. R. & Gawle, C. A. (1984). Apraxic speakers'
vowel duration in consonant-vowel-consonant
syllables. In J.C. Rosenbek, M. R. McNeil & A. E.
Aronson (Eds.), Apraxia of speech : Physiology,
Acoustics, and Management. San Diego : College-
Hill Press, pp. 167-196.
Gay, T. (1978). Effect of speaking rate on vowel
form ant movements. Journal of the Acoustical Society
of America, 63 (1), 223-230.
Gay, T. (1981). Mechanisms in the control of speech
rate. Phonetica, 38, 148-158.
Gopal, H. S. (1987). Temporal aspects of tense and
lax vowels in American English: Effects of speaking
rale and postvocalic consonantal voicing. Unpublished
dissertation. University of Texas at Dallas.
Gopal, H. S. (1990). Speaking rate and its effect on
the durations of tense and lax vowels. Journal of
Phonetics, 18, 497-518.
House, A. s. (1961). On vowel duration in English.
Journal; of the Acoustical Society of America, 33,
1174-1178.
Johns, D. & Darley, F. L. (1970). Phonemic variability
in apraxia of speech. Journal of Speech and
Hearing Research, 13, 556-583.
Kent, R. D. & Rosenbek, J. C. (1983). Acoustic
patterns of Apraxia of Speech. Journal of Speech
and Hearing Research, 26, 231-249.
Klatt, D. H. (1976). Linguistic uses of segmental
duration n English ; Acoustic and Perceptual evidence.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,
59(5), 1200-1221.
Klich, R. J. Ireland, J. v., & Weidncr, W.E (1979).
Articulatory and phonological aspects of consonant
substitutions in apraxia of speech. Cortex, 15, 451-
470.
Lehiste, I. Suprasegmenlals. MIT Press, Cambridge,
Mass., (1970).
Lehiste, I. (1972). the timing of utterances and
linguistic boundaries. Journal of the Acoustical
Society of America, 51, 2018-2024.
Lindblom, B.(1963). spcctrographic study of vowel
reduction. Journal of the Acoustical Society of
America, 35, 1773-1781.
Lindblom, B. (1967). Vowel duration and a model of
lipmandible co-ordination. Speech Transmission
Lab., Royal Institute of Technology, QPSR 4/1967,
pp. 1-29.
Martin, A. d. & Rigrodsky, S. (1974). An investigation
of phonological impairment in aphasia, part 1.
Cortex, 49, 317-328.
McNeilage, P. F. (1973). Motor control of serial
ordering in speech. Psychology Review, 77,182-196.
Nooteboom, S. G. (1972). Some timing factors in the
production and perception of vowels. Occasional
papers, University of Essex, Language Centre,
Colchester, September 1972, 1, pp. 25.
Peterson, G. E. & Lehiste, I. (1960). Duration of
syllable nuclei in English. Journal of the Acoustical
Society of America, 32, 693-703.
Port, R. F. (1981). Linguistic timing factors in
Apraxia of Speech 113
000combination. Journal of the Acoustical Society of
America, 69(1), 263-274.
Rosenbek, J. C.: (1980). Apraxia of speech - Relationship
to stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders,
5, 223-253.
Skenes, L. L. (1987). Durational changes of apraxic
speakers. Journal of Communication Disorders, 20,
61-71.
Weismer, G. & Fennel, A. M. (1985). Constancy of
(acoustic) relative timing measures in phrase-level
utterances. Journal of the Acoustical Society of
America, 78(1), 49-57.
Wertz, R. T. (1978). Neruopathologies of speech
and language : An introduction to patient management.
In D. Johns (Ed.), "Clinical Management of
Neurogenic Communicative Disorders".
Boston : Little Brown & Company (1978).
Zar, J. J. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Inc.
New Jersey. Second Edition (1984).
Ziegler, W. & von Cramon, D. (1986). Timing
deficits in apraxia of speech. European Archives of
Psychiatric Neurological Science, 236, 44-49