How to Cite
Stewart, J. M. (1). Primary Communication Disorders in the Nashville Schools: 1979-80. Journal of All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, 13(1), 72-104. Retrieved from http://203.129.241.91/jaiish/index.php/aiish/article/view/692
Abstract
The study sought to determine the extent of service delivery for communicative disorders in the Nashville public schools during the academic year 1979-80. Of the 71,662 children enrolled in grades K thru 12, 2,877 children or 4.01 percent of the population were receiving services for communicative disorders. Of this number, 2,023 or 2.82 percent were primary and 854 or 1.19 per cent were secondary handicaps. From these figures, it was determined that 70.3 percent of the service delivery was for primary handicaps and the remaining 29.3 per cent for secondary handicaps. The primary handicaps of speech, language, and hearing accounted for 83.2,10.6 and 6.2 per cent respectively. Males (63.5 percent) were seen 1.7 times more often than females (36.5 percent). Quantitatively, there were no apparent racial differences. The in-depth analyses indicated that blacks had a greater propensity for language disorder than whites while whites had a greater propensity for hearing disorders than blacks. The multi- dimensional scaling analysis supported the significance of these and other observations.
References
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American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. The role of the speech-language pathologist and audiologist in disabilities. ASHA, December 1979, 1015.
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Definitions for communicative disorders and differences. ASHA, April 1980, 317-318.
Baran, J. and Seymour, H.N. The influence of three phonological rules on black English on the discrimination of minimal word pairs, J. Speech Hearing Research, 1976, 19, 467-474.
Basics and Metro Public Schools 1980-81. Nashville (TN): Metropolitan Board of Education,1981.
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Birman, F.F. Case studies of overlap between title I and PL 94-142 services for handicapped students. (Research Note EPRO 26). Menlo Park (CA): SRI International Educational Policy Research Center, 1979.
Boehm, A.E. The Boehm test of basic concepts. New York: Psychological Corporation, 1971.
Calnan, M. and Richardson, K. Speech problems in a national survey: assessments and pre- valences. Child: Care, Health and Development, 1976, 2,181-202.
Carrowj E. Test for auditory comprehension of language. Austin (TX): Learning Concepts,1973.
Carrow, E. Carrow elicited language inventory. Austin (TX): Learning Concepts, 1974.
Ciocco, A. and Palmer, C.E. The hearing of school children: A statistical study of audiometric and clinical records. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 1941, 6,3 , Serial No. 29 .
Craig, P.A. and McEachron, N.B. The development and analysis of base line data for the estimation of incidence in the handicapped school age population (Research Note 19, EPRC 2158-19). Menlo
Park (CA): SRI Educational Policy Research Center, January 3, 1975.
Cutting, J.E. and Kavanagh, J.F. On the relationship of speech to language. ASHA, August 1975, 500-506.
DesRoches, C.P. Speech therapy services in a large school system: A six-year overview. Language, Speech, Hearing Services Schools, 1976, 7, 207-219.
Dublinske, S. and Healey, W.C. PL 94-142; Questions and answers for the speech pathologist and audiologist. ASHA, March 1978, 188-205.
Dunn, L. Peabody picture vocabulary test. Circle Pines (MN): American Guidance Services 1965.
Evard, B.L. and Sabers, D.L. Speech and language testing with distinct ethnic-racial groups: A survey of procedures for improving testing validity. J. Speech Hearing Disorders, 1979, 44, 271-281.
Everitt, B.S. The analysis of contingency tables. New York: Wiley, 1979.
Gillespie, S.K. and Cooper, E.B. Prevalence of speech problems in junior and senior high schools. J. Speech Hearing Research, 1973, 16, 739-743.
Goldman, R. and Fristoe, M. Goldman-Fristoe test of articulation. Circle Pines (MN): American Guidance Service, 1969.
Grant, W.W., Fearnow, R.G., Herbertson, L.M. and Henderson, A.L. Health screening in school-age children. American J. Disease Children, 1973, 125, 520-522.
Hogan, D.D. Errors in computation of incidence of hearing loss in studies of large populations. Mental Retardation, 1973, 11, 15-17.
Hull, F. M., Mielke, P. W., Timmons, R. J., and Willeford, J. A. The national speech and hearing survey: Preliminary results. ASHA, September 1971, 501-509.
Joselson, M. Out of step in space and time: The learning disabled child, J. Tennessee Speech Hearing Association, 1978, 1, 6-8.
Kirk, S., McCarthy, J., and Kirk, W. Illionois test of psycholinguistic abilities. Urbana: Uni- versity of Illionis Press, 1968.
Leonard, L.B., Perozzi, J.A., Prutting, C.A. and Berkley, R.K. Non-standard approaches to the assessment of language behaviors, ASHA, May 1978, 371-379.
Leske, M.O. Prevalence estimates of communicative disorders in the U.S.: Speech disorders. ASHA, March 1981, 217-225 (a).
Leske, M.O. Prevalence estimates of communicative disorders in the U.S.: Language, hearing and vestibular disorders, ASHA, March1981,229-237 (b).
Maisel, C.G. The national joint committee on learning disabilities, position paper on 'issues concerning the definition of learning disabilities.' J. Tennessee Speech Hearing Asscciaticn, 1981, 25, 2-5.
McDermott, L.D. The effect of duplicated and unduplicated child count on prevalence of speech- impaired children. Language, Speech and Hearing Services Schools, 1981, 12, 115-119.
McDermott, L.D. and VanTasell, D.J. A preliminary report on the need for statewide standards for hearing screening. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services Schools, 1981, 12, 44-48.
Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools Integration Report 1979-1980. Nashville Pupil Accounting and Transfer, Division of Pupil Personnel, 1980.
Metz, A.S. Number of pupils with handicaps in local public schools Spring 1970 (DHEW NO . (OE) 73-11107). Washington, D.C.: National Center Educational Statistics, 1973.
MetZ, A.S. and Cramer, H.L.'Professional staff for the handicapped in local public schools Spring 1970 (DHEW No.74-214). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Office of Education, 1974.
Milisen, R. The incidence of speech disorders. In L.E. Travis (Ed.). Handbook of speech pathology and audiology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1971.
National Center for Health Statistics. Hearing levels of children by age and sex: United States (Series 11-No. 102). Rockville (MD): Health Resources Administration, U.S. Public Health Service, 1970.
National Center for Health Statistics. Parent ratings of behavioral patterns of youths 12-17 years: United States (Series 11-No.137). Rockville (MD) Health Resources Administration, U.S. Public Health Service,1974.
National Center for Health Statistics. Prevalence of selected impairments: United Stales 1977 (Series 10-No. 99). Rockville (MD): Health Resources Administration, U.S. Public Health Service, 1975 (a).
National Center for Health Statistics. Persons with impaired hearing: United States-1971 (Series 10-No. 101). Rockville (MD): Health Resources Administraticn, U.S. public Health Service, 1975 (b).
National Center for Health Statistics. Hearing levels of youths 12-11 years: United Stales (Series 11-No. 145). Rockville (MD): Health Resources Administration, U.S. public Health Service, 1975 (c).
National Center for Health Statistics. Basic data on hearing levels of adults 25-74years: United States, 1971-75 (Series 11-No. 215). Rockville (MD): Health Resources Administration, U.S . Public Health Service, 1980.
Nober, E.H. and Seymour, H.N. Speaker intelligibility of black and white school children for black and white adult listeners under varying listening conditions. Language and Speech 1979, 22, 237-242.
Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services.'To assure the free appropriate public education of all handicapped children'Public Law 04-142, Section 618 (Second annual report to Congress on the implementation of Public Lam 94-142: The Education for All Handicapped Children Act). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, 1980.
Paul, J.R. Clinical epidemiology (Rev. ed.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966.
Randall, D. , Reynell, J. and Curwen, M. A study of language development in a sample of 3 year old children. British J. Disorders of Communication, 1954, 9, 3-16.
Seymour, H.N. and Seymour, CM . A therapeutic model for communicative disorders among children who speak black English vernacular. J. Speech Hearing Disorders, 1977, 42, 247-256
Simpson, J.P. and Stewart, J.M. Expressive English syntax in Canadian French-immersion school children. Alberta J. Educational Research, 1981, 27, 311-323.
State of Tennessee Annual Statistical Report of the Department of Education for The Scholastic Year Ending June 30, 1980. Nashville: State of Tennessee Department of Education, 1981.
Stevenson, J. and Richmon, N. The prevalence of language delay in a population of three-year- old children and its association with general retardation. Developmental Medicine Child Neuro- logy, 1976, 18, 431-441.
Stewart, J.M. Multidimensional scaling analysis of communicative disorders by race and sex in a mid-south public school system. J. Communication Disorders, 1981, 14, 467-483.
Stewart, J.M. Martin, M.E. and Brady, G.M. Communicative disorders at a health-care center. J. Communication Disorders, 1979, 12, 349-359.
Taylor, 6.L . Communication disorders in blacks. In B.E. Williams and O.L. Taylor (Eds.), Working papers-The Rockefeller Foundation: International Conference on Black Communication. New York: The Rockefeller Foundation, 1980.
Templin, M,C. and Darley, F.L. The Templin-Darley test of articulation, (2nd ed.) Iowa City:Bureau of Educational Research and Service, 1969.
Tanney, H.K. and Edwards, C. Race as a variable in hearing screening. American J. Disorders Children, 1970, 20, 547-550.
Williams, R. A call worthy of all ECHO: A Newsletter, March 1979, 1.
Williams, R. and Wolfrom, W. Social dialects: Differences vs. Disorders. Rockville (ME)): American Speech-Language Hearing Association, 1977.
American Speech and Hearing Association. Position statement of the American Speech andHearing Association on learning disabilities. ASHA, May 1976, 282-290.
American Speech and Hearing Association. Speech pathology and audiology: Manpower resources and needs. NINCDS Mono. 17. Brthesda, (MD): National Institute of Health, 1977.
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. The role of the speech-language pathologist and audiologist in disabilities. ASHA, December 1979, 1015.
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Definitions for communicative disorders and differences. ASHA, April 1980, 317-318.
Baran, J. and Seymour, H.N. The influence of three phonological rules on black English on the discrimination of minimal word pairs, J. Speech Hearing Research, 1976, 19, 467-474.
Basics and Metro Public Schools 1980-81. Nashville (TN): Metropolitan Board of Education,1981.
Bensberg, G.J. and Sigelman, C.K. Definition and prevalence. In L.L. Lloyd, Communication assessment and intervention strategies. Baltimore (MD): University Park Press, 1976.
Birman, F.F. Case studies of overlap between title I and PL 94-142 services for handicapped students. (Research Note EPRO 26). Menlo Park (CA): SRI International Educational Policy Research Center, 1979.
Boehm, A.E. The Boehm test of basic concepts. New York: Psychological Corporation, 1971.
Calnan, M. and Richardson, K. Speech problems in a national survey: assessments and pre- valences. Child: Care, Health and Development, 1976, 2,181-202.
Carrowj E. Test for auditory comprehension of language. Austin (TX): Learning Concepts,1973.
Carrow, E. Carrow elicited language inventory. Austin (TX): Learning Concepts, 1974.
Ciocco, A. and Palmer, C.E. The hearing of school children: A statistical study of audiometric and clinical records. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 1941, 6,3 , Serial No. 29 .
Craig, P.A. and McEachron, N.B. The development and analysis of base line data for the estimation of incidence in the handicapped school age population (Research Note 19, EPRC 2158-19). Menlo
Park (CA): SRI Educational Policy Research Center, January 3, 1975.
Cutting, J.E. and Kavanagh, J.F. On the relationship of speech to language. ASHA, August 1975, 500-506.
DesRoches, C.P. Speech therapy services in a large school system: A six-year overview. Language, Speech, Hearing Services Schools, 1976, 7, 207-219.
Dublinske, S. and Healey, W.C. PL 94-142; Questions and answers for the speech pathologist and audiologist. ASHA, March 1978, 188-205.
Dunn, L. Peabody picture vocabulary test. Circle Pines (MN): American Guidance Services 1965.
Evard, B.L. and Sabers, D.L. Speech and language testing with distinct ethnic-racial groups: A survey of procedures for improving testing validity. J. Speech Hearing Disorders, 1979, 44, 271-281.
Everitt, B.S. The analysis of contingency tables. New York: Wiley, 1979.
Gillespie, S.K. and Cooper, E.B. Prevalence of speech problems in junior and senior high schools. J. Speech Hearing Research, 1973, 16, 739-743.
Goldman, R. and Fristoe, M. Goldman-Fristoe test of articulation. Circle Pines (MN): American Guidance Service, 1969.
Grant, W.W., Fearnow, R.G., Herbertson, L.M. and Henderson, A.L. Health screening in school-age children. American J. Disease Children, 1973, 125, 520-522.
Hogan, D.D. Errors in computation of incidence of hearing loss in studies of large populations. Mental Retardation, 1973, 11, 15-17.
Hull, F. M., Mielke, P. W., Timmons, R. J., and Willeford, J. A. The national speech and hearing survey: Preliminary results. ASHA, September 1971, 501-509.
Joselson, M. Out of step in space and time: The learning disabled child, J. Tennessee Speech Hearing Association, 1978, 1, 6-8.
Kirk, S., McCarthy, J., and Kirk, W. Illionois test of psycholinguistic abilities. Urbana: Uni- versity of Illionis Press, 1968.
Leonard, L.B., Perozzi, J.A., Prutting, C.A. and Berkley, R.K. Non-standard approaches to the assessment of language behaviors, ASHA, May 1978, 371-379.
Leske, M.O. Prevalence estimates of communicative disorders in the U.S.: Speech disorders. ASHA, March 1981, 217-225 (a).
Leske, M.O. Prevalence estimates of communicative disorders in the U.S.: Language, hearing and vestibular disorders, ASHA, March1981,229-237 (b).
Maisel, C.G. The national joint committee on learning disabilities, position paper on 'issues concerning the definition of learning disabilities.' J. Tennessee Speech Hearing Asscciaticn, 1981, 25, 2-5.
McDermott, L.D. The effect of duplicated and unduplicated child count on prevalence of speech- impaired children. Language, Speech and Hearing Services Schools, 1981, 12, 115-119.
McDermott, L.D. and VanTasell, D.J. A preliminary report on the need for statewide standards for hearing screening. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services Schools, 1981, 12, 44-48.
Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools Integration Report 1979-1980. Nashville Pupil Accounting and Transfer, Division of Pupil Personnel, 1980.
Metz, A.S. Number of pupils with handicaps in local public schools Spring 1970 (DHEW NO . (OE) 73-11107). Washington, D.C.: National Center Educational Statistics, 1973.
MetZ, A.S. and Cramer, H.L.'Professional staff for the handicapped in local public schools Spring 1970 (DHEW No.74-214). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Office of Education, 1974.
Milisen, R. The incidence of speech disorders. In L.E. Travis (Ed.). Handbook of speech pathology and audiology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1971.
National Center for Health Statistics. Hearing levels of children by age and sex: United States (Series 11-No. 102). Rockville (MD): Health Resources Administration, U.S. Public Health Service, 1970.
National Center for Health Statistics. Parent ratings of behavioral patterns of youths 12-17 years: United States (Series 11-No.137). Rockville (MD) Health Resources Administration, U.S. Public Health Service,1974.
National Center for Health Statistics. Prevalence of selected impairments: United Stales 1977 (Series 10-No. 99). Rockville (MD): Health Resources Administration, U.S. Public Health Service, 1975 (a).
National Center for Health Statistics. Persons with impaired hearing: United States-1971 (Series 10-No. 101). Rockville (MD): Health Resources Administraticn, U.S. public Health Service, 1975 (b).
National Center for Health Statistics. Hearing levels of youths 12-11 years: United Stales (Series 11-No. 145). Rockville (MD): Health Resources Administration, U.S. public Health Service, 1975 (c).
National Center for Health Statistics. Basic data on hearing levels of adults 25-74years: United States, 1971-75 (Series 11-No. 215). Rockville (MD): Health Resources Administration, U.S . Public Health Service, 1980.
Nober, E.H. and Seymour, H.N. Speaker intelligibility of black and white school children for black and white adult listeners under varying listening conditions. Language and Speech 1979, 22, 237-242.
Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services.'To assure the free appropriate public education of all handicapped children'Public Law 04-142, Section 618 (Second annual report to Congress on the implementation of Public Lam 94-142: The Education for All Handicapped Children Act). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, 1980.
Paul, J.R. Clinical epidemiology (Rev. ed.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966.
Randall, D. , Reynell, J. and Curwen, M. A study of language development in a sample of 3 year old children. British J. Disorders of Communication, 1954, 9, 3-16.
Seymour, H.N. and Seymour, CM . A therapeutic model for communicative disorders among children who speak black English vernacular. J. Speech Hearing Disorders, 1977, 42, 247-256
Simpson, J.P. and Stewart, J.M. Expressive English syntax in Canadian French-immersion school children. Alberta J. Educational Research, 1981, 27, 311-323.
State of Tennessee Annual Statistical Report of the Department of Education for The Scholastic Year Ending June 30, 1980. Nashville: State of Tennessee Department of Education, 1981.
Stevenson, J. and Richmon, N. The prevalence of language delay in a population of three-year- old children and its association with general retardation. Developmental Medicine Child Neuro- logy, 1976, 18, 431-441.
Stewart, J.M. Multidimensional scaling analysis of communicative disorders by race and sex in a mid-south public school system. J. Communication Disorders, 1981, 14, 467-483.
Stewart, J.M. Martin, M.E. and Brady, G.M. Communicative disorders at a health-care center. J. Communication Disorders, 1979, 12, 349-359.
Taylor, 6.L . Communication disorders in blacks. In B.E. Williams and O.L. Taylor (Eds.), Working papers-The Rockefeller Foundation: International Conference on Black Communication. New York: The Rockefeller Foundation, 1980.
Templin, M,C. and Darley, F.L. The Templin-Darley test of articulation, (2nd ed.) Iowa City:Bureau of Educational Research and Service, 1969.
Tanney, H.K. and Edwards, C. Race as a variable in hearing screening. American J. Disorders Children, 1970, 20, 547-550.
Williams, R. A call worthy of all ECHO: A Newsletter, March 1979, 1.
Williams, R. and Wolfrom, W. Social dialects: Differences vs. Disorders. Rockville (ME)): American Speech-Language Hearing Association, 1977.