Published
June 26, 2007
Keywords
- Vowel duration,
- Kannada,
- Children,
- Adolescents,
- Adults
How to Cite
Sreedevi N. (2007). Effect of Age on Vowel Duration in Kannada. Journal of All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, 26(1), 35-40. Retrieved from http://203.129.241.91/jaiish/index.php/aiish/article/view/188
Abstract
The present study investigated the developmental changes in vowel duration in Kannada (Mysore dialect) in normal subjects. Audio recordings of 73 bisyllabic words (CVCV) incorporating one of the 10 vowels of Kannada in a carrier phrase served as the material. Ten subjects each in the age groups of 7-8 years; 14-15 years and 20-30 years participated in the study. Using the software package SSL (VSS, Bangalore) vowel duration was extracted. The results indicated a decrease in vowel duration from children to adults. Also, this developmental trend was more evident in short vowels compared to long vowels. The data can be used for vowel synthesis and recognition. The data can also be used as norms in the assessment and therapeutic aspects of speech disorders.
References
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Kent, R.D. & Forner, L.L. (1980): Speech segment durations in sentence recitations by children and adults, Journal of Phonetics, 8,157-168.
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Nayak, H.M. (1967). Kannada literacy and colloquel: A study of two styles. Mysore: Rao & Raghavan.
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Rashmi, M. (1985): Acoustic aspects of speech of children. Research at AIISH, Dissertation Abstracts,Vol II, 2002.
Savithri, S.R. (1981): Speech production: Indian perspective. Journal of All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, 63-68.
Savithri, S.R. (1984): Relationship between the fundamental frequency and duration. Unpublished research, conducted at All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore
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Savithri, S.R. (1989): Acoustic and psychological correlates of speech. Journal of Acoustical Society of India, 17, (3, 4), 41-48.
Sasidharan, P. (1995): Vowel duration in Malayalam language. Research at AIISH, Dissertation Abstracts, Vol III, 2002
Schiffman, H. (1979): Reference grammar of spoken Kannada. Final report, OE, 0100-78-01, 861, Sept. 79, US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington.
Shalev, M., Ladefoged, P. & Bhaskara Rao, P. (1993): Phonetics of Toda. UCLA Working papers in phonetics. 84, 89-126.
Smith, B.L. (1978): Temporal aspects of English speech production: A developmental perspective, Journal of Phonetics, 6, 37-67.
Smith, B. L., Sugarman & Lang, (1983): Cited in Smith B.L., (1994), Effects of experimental manipulations and intrinsic contrasts on relationships between durations and temporal variability in children’s and adult speech, Journal of Phonetics, 22,155-175.
Smith, B. L. & Gartenberg, T. (1984): Initial observations concerning developmental characteristics of labiomandibular kinematics. Journal of Acoustical Society of America. 75, 1599-1605.
Tingley, B.M. & Allen, G.D. (1975): Development of speech timing control in children, Child development, 46, 186-194.
Upadhyaya, U.P. (1972): Kannada phonetic reader. Mysore, Central Institute of Indian Languages.
Velayudhan, S. (1975): Vowel duration in Malayalam; an acoustic phonetic study. Trivandrum: Dravidian Linguistic Association of India.
Andronov, M.S. (1982): The Navakarnataka Publishing House. Central Department of Oriented Literature (II Edn.), Moscow.
Balasubramanian, T. (1981): Duration of vowels in Tamil. Journal of phonetics, 9, 151-161.
Crelin, E.S. (1973): Functional anatomy of the newborn (Yale U.P., New Haven).
Di Simoni, F.G. (1974c): Influence of utterance length upon bilabial closure for /p/ in 3-6 and 9 year old children, Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 55, 1353-1354.
Gopal, H.S. (1987): Temporal aspects of tense and lax vowels in American English: Effects of speaking rate and post vocalic consonant voicing. Un published Doctoral Dissertation, Dallas, University of Texas.
Engstrand, O. & Krull, D. (1994): Durational correlates of quantity in Swedish, Finnisa & Estonian: Crosslanguage evidence for theory of adaptive dispersion. Phonetica, 51, 80-91.
Eguchi, S. & Hirsh. I.J. (1969): Development of speech sounds in children, Acta Otolaryngologica, Suppl, 257.
Elizebeth (1998): Analysis of speech of Malayalam speakers. Research at AIISH, Dissertation Abstracts, Vol IV, 2003
Fischer – Jorgensen, E. (1955): Om vokallaengde I danskrigsmal, nordisk tidsskrift for tale og stemme. In Lehiste, I. (1970), Suprasegmentals, Cambridge: MIT Press, p33-56.
Kent, R.D. (1976): Anatomical & Neuromuscular maturation of the speech mechanism : Evidence from acoustic studies. Journal of speech and hearing research, 19, 421-447.
Kent, R.D. & Forner, L.L. (1980): Speech segment durations in sentence recitations by children and adults, Journal of Phonetics, 8,157-168.
Majumdar, D.D., Datta, A.K. & Ganguli, N. R. (1978): Some studies on acoustic – phonetic features of Telugu vowels. Acoustica, 41, 2, 55-64.
Nagamma Reddy, K. (1988): The duration of Telugu speech sounds: an acoustic study. Special issue of JIETE on speech processing, 57-63.
Nataraja, N.P. & Jagadish, A. (1984): Vowel duration and fundamental frequency. Journal of All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, 15, 57-64
Nayak, H.M. (1967). Kannada literacy and colloquel: A study of two styles. Mysore: Rao & Raghavan.
Rajapurohit, B.B. (1982): Acoustic characteristics of Kannada. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages. Occasional Neurograph Series.
Rashmi, M. (1985): Acoustic aspects of speech of children. Research at AIISH, Dissertation Abstracts,Vol II, 2002.
Savithri, S.R. (1981): Speech production: Indian perspective. Journal of All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, 63-68.
Savithri, S.R. (1984): Relationship between the fundamental frequency and duration. Unpublished research, conducted at All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore
Savithri, S.R. (1986): Durational analysis of Kannada vowels. Journal of Acoustical Society of India, 14 (2), 34-41.
Savithri, S.R. (1989): Acoustic and psychological correlates of speech. Journal of Acoustical Society of India, 17, (3, 4), 41-48.
Sasidharan, P. (1995): Vowel duration in Malayalam language. Research at AIISH, Dissertation Abstracts, Vol III, 2002
Schiffman, H. (1979): Reference grammar of spoken Kannada. Final report, OE, 0100-78-01, 861, Sept. 79, US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington.
Shalev, M., Ladefoged, P. & Bhaskara Rao, P. (1993): Phonetics of Toda. UCLA Working papers in phonetics. 84, 89-126.
Smith, B.L. (1978): Temporal aspects of English speech production: A developmental perspective, Journal of Phonetics, 6, 37-67.
Smith, B. L., Sugarman & Lang, (1983): Cited in Smith B.L., (1994), Effects of experimental manipulations and intrinsic contrasts on relationships between durations and temporal variability in children’s and adult speech, Journal of Phonetics, 22,155-175.
Smith, B. L. & Gartenberg, T. (1984): Initial observations concerning developmental characteristics of labiomandibular kinematics. Journal of Acoustical Society of America. 75, 1599-1605.
Tingley, B.M. & Allen, G.D. (1975): Development of speech timing control in children, Child development, 46, 186-194.
Upadhyaya, U.P. (1972): Kannada phonetic reader. Mysore, Central Institute of Indian Languages.
Velayudhan, S. (1975): Vowel duration in Malayalam; an acoustic phonetic study. Trivandrum: Dravidian Linguistic Association of India.